Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Technological Analysis of Lead Glazed Ceramics

创新和新技术如果应用得当，可以成为人类进步的动力。人类的发明倾向并不局限于历史时代，考古学可以提供对它如何在千年时间尺度上发展的洞察。在大卫·基里克博士的监督下，布鲁内拉·桑塔雷利将重建科罗拉多州西南部圣胡安地区上圣胡安地区普韦布洛一世(约公元700-850年)釉彩的生产技术。这是美洲发明的第一批釉彩。西南釉彩的独特之处在于，它们被用作装饰元素，而不是作为表面保护层。尽管新墨西哥州(约公元1275-1700年)后来的普韦布洛四世釉画引起了人们的兴趣，但由于其有限的时间和空间分布，普韦布洛一世釉彩仍然在很大程度上被考古学家忽视。本研究项目提出了自1930年S以来对普韦布洛一世釉彩进行的第一次分析和技术改造。它将检查普韦布洛一世釉彩的组成、微观结构和同位素特征，以努力改造其生产工艺。该项目将分析在Animas-La Plata(ALP)项目期间收集的样本，这是一个在科罗拉多州杜兰戈附近实施的大型CRM项目。ALP项目之所以被选为样本，是因为发现了许多釉面彩绘陶瓷，而且出土的文物得到了广泛的记录和充分的出版。该项目将使用一种混合方法，将先进的材料科学技术与社会理论框架相结合，以了解这些陶瓷在生产环境中的作用。这些早期釉彩有可能提供关于生产技术以及上圣胡安地区这一时期陶工之间的关系和互动的重要信息，本项目收集的数据将用于了解推动这项技术创新传播和最终衰落的社会环境。该项目旨在对西南陶瓷技术知识的贡献之外产生更广泛的影响。这个项目将提供一个例子，说明可以用大型公共项目的存储集合进行令人兴奋的研究，这些项目仍然是一个可悲的未得到充分利用的资源，用于智力调查。这一项目的成果将通过在亚利桑那大学的宣传和同行评议的出版物向学术界和公众传播。此外，该项目产生的数据将提交给在线数据库，供公众查阅。最后，研究和成果将与土著民族咨询委员会分享，该项目的成果可能有助于复兴釉料传统，这是由于现代普韦布洛斯最近对这项技术感兴趣而产生的。

Innovation and new technologies, when properly applied, can serve as a driving forces for human betterment. The human propensity to invent is not limited to historic times and archaeology can provide insight into how it developed over millennial time scales. This project does this as well as contributing to writing the prehistory of America's past.Under the supervision of Dr. David Killick, Brunella Santarelli will reconstruct the technology of production of Pueblo I (ca. 700-850 CE) glaze paints from the Upper San Juan region, southwest Colorado. These were the first glaze paints invented in the Americas. Southwestern glaze paints are unique in that they were used as decorative elements instead of as protective surface coatings. Despite recent interest in the later Pueblo IV glaze paints of New Mexico (ca. 1275-1700 CE), the Pueblo I glaze paints have remained largely ignored by archaeologists due to their limited temporal and spatial distribution. This research project proposes the first analysis and technological reconstruction of the Pueblo I glaze paints since the 1930's. It will examine the composition, microstructure and isotope signatures of the Pueblo I glaze paints in an effort to reconstruct the technology of their production. This project will analyze samples collected during the Animas-La Plata (ALP) project, a large-scale CRM project carried out in the vicinity of Durango, Colorado. The ALP project was selected for sampling because of the many glaze-painted ceramics recovered and because the excavations were extensively documented and fully published. This project will use a hybrid approach, coupling advanced materials science techniques with a framework of social theory to understand the role of these ceramics in the context in which they were produced. These early glaze paints have the potential to provide important information regarding both technology of production as well as the relationships and interactions of potters during this period in the Upper San Juan region, and the data collected in this project will be used to understand the social circumstances that promoted the spread and eventual decline of this technological innovation. This project aims to have broader impacts beyond the contribution to the technological knowledge of Southwest ceramics. This project will provide an example of the exciting research that can be done with the stored collections of large public projects, which remain a woefully underutilized resource for intellectual inquiry. The results of this project will be disseminated to both academic and public audiences, through outreach at the University of Arizona and through peer-reviewed publications. Additionally, the data produced in this project will be submitted to online databases for public access. Finally, the research and results will be shared with the Native Nations Advisory Board, and the findings of this project may contribute to efforts for revitalization of glaze traditions arising from recent interest of this technology in modern Pueblos.