Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science: State Authority and Land Rights in the Americas

政治学博士论文研究：美洲的国家权力和土地权利

• 批准号: 1419866
• 负责人: Daniel Brinks
• 金额: $ 1.76万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1419866&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Political; Science

The establishment of authority over a country's territory is a critical component of stability and security. This project addresses how states in the Americas have approached the issue of land rights. Internal threats to the state's territorial control and targeted international pressure stimulate executive action with state strategic interests being the crucial mediating factor to explain the patterns. This research project is designed to explain why the implementation of ethnic land rights varies by examining closely the cases of Brazil, Honduras, and Nicaragua. The research involves fieldwork on-site, including the construction of nation-wide databases for ethnic land claims and resulting government decisions, original experimental data on political elites' attitudes on the implementation question, archival documentation, and in-depth interviews of state elites and non-elites, experts, and practitioners in ethnic land claims. The intellectual merits are associated with the project's theoretical and empirical advances in the study of state control over territory. Because ethnic collectivities are often minorities that claim vast tracts of sparsely populated lands rich in energy, mineral, and natural resources, scholars and policy makers have pointed to competing economic interests, low administrative capacity of the state, or insufficient socialization of state elites as factors that impinge on the implementation of ethnic land rights. This project advances this discussion by seriously considering the mediating effect of state interest and power in shaping the implementation of multicultural legal principles in the Americas. The broader impacts of the projects are two: providing insights useful to international and national policymakers to improve policy implementation strategies and producing original observational and experimental data on ethnic land rights implementation. The data collected will help assess the geographic patterns of ethnic land rights implementation over time and the effects of key policy decisions on the ground. The findings should enhance national security by clarifying how states can develop secure borders and territories.

在一国领土上建立权力是稳定与安全的一个关键组成部分。该项目探讨了美洲国家如何处理土地权问题。内部威胁国家的领土控制和有针对性的国际压力刺激行政行动与国家战略利益是关键的调解因素来解释的模式。该研究项目旨在通过仔细审查巴西、洪都拉斯和尼加拉瓜的案例，解释为什么少数民族土地权利的落实情况各不相同。该研究涉及实地调查，包括建立全国性的少数民族土地要求数据库和由此产生的政府决策，关于政治精英对执行问题的态度的原始实验数据，档案文件，以及对国家精英和非精英，专家和少数民族土地要求实践者的深入访谈。学术价值与该项目在国家控制领土研究方面的理论和经验进展有关。由于少数民族集体通常是少数民族，他们要求拥有大量人口稀少的土地，这些土地富含能源、矿产和自然资源，学者和政策制定者指出，经济利益的竞争、国家行政能力的低下或国家精英的社会化不足是影响少数民族土地权利实施的因素。本项目通过认真考虑国家利益和权力在塑造美洲多元文化法律的原则的实施中的中介作用来推进这一讨论。这些项目的更广泛影响有两个：为国际和国家决策者提供有益的见解，以改进政策执行战略，并提供关于少数民族土地权利执行情况的原始观察和实验数据。所收集的数据将有助于评估族裔土地权利执行情况的地理格局以及关键政策决定在实地的影响。调查结果应该通过澄清各国如何建立安全的边界和领土来加强国家安全。