Collaborative Research: High-resolution Cretaceous terrestrial climate records of temperature, weathering and hydrologic response to hyperthermals in Songliao Basin, China

合作研究：中国松辽盆地高分辨率白垩纪陆地气候记录的温度、风化和水文对高温的响应

• 批准号: 1423967
• 负责人: C. Page Chamberlain
• 金额: $ 7.31万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-15 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1423967&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; resolution; Cretaceous; terrestrial

Abstract Non-technical: The Cretaceous period (145 to 66 myr ago) is characterized by an interval when the Earth experienced unusually warm temperatures and high carbon dioxide levels. To understand how the Earth might behave during greenhouse conditions it is imperative to study these unique times in the Earth's past. In an effort to examine this time period, the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program launched a project entitled 'Continental Scientific Drilling Project of Cretaceous Songliao Basin: Continuous High-resolution Terrestrial Archives and Greenhouse Climate Change,'. This project will provide ~10 km of nearly continuous core through the entire Cretaceous that is preserved as ancient lake sediments in northeast China. PIs will take advantage of this unprecedented opportunity to study the Cretaceous hothouse by collecting isotopic and sedimentologic data specifically focusing on intervals (e.g. ~93 myr ago) in the Cretaceous when the Earth experienced extreme warmth and the oceans became anoxic. They have assembled a team of scientists (Stanford Univ., Univ. of Wisconsin, and Northwestern Univ.) with unique and complimentary skill sets to address the problem of how Earth's mid-latitudes behave during extreme warmth. PIs are particularly interested in examining the links and feedbacks between the Earth's hydrologic and carbon cycles and time-scales that these cycles are operative over. Their study will provide one of the most detailed and constrained isotopic data sets for a terrestrial setting. These data will provide the basis for their modeling studies that will give quantitative bounds on the temperature and precipitation changes associated with hyperthermal events.Technical: This one-year study focuses on the Cretaceous terrestrial record of climate change in the Songliao Basin of northeastern China, a long-lived, internally drained rift basin. PIs understanding of the terrestrial responses to global climate change are informed in part, by paleoclimate studies of times when the Earth experienced greenhouse and hothouse conditions. They have a unique opportunity to address questions concerning the links and feedbacks between global warming, the carbon cycle and the hydrologic cycle in a terrestrial setting through the examination of core material collected in ICDP coring of the Cretaceous Songliao Basin. Their initial studies of the Upper Cretaceous core (SK-I) from this basin show that the carbon isotopic values of ostracods reflect the global perturbations of the carbon cycle as observed in marine records (Chamberlain et al., 2013). With the collection of the new drill core from SK-II (May 2014), PIs are positioned to extend this record through the Lower Cretaceous. In their study of the Cretaceous drill-core they will address two related hypotheses, which are: 1) SK-II core will record the temperature history of the Lower Cretaceous observed in marine settings, particularly the hyperthermals and their carbon isotopic changes; and 2) the Songliao drill core contains carbon isotopic evidence for the Ocean Anoxic Event (OAE) 2 at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary, and this boundary will record evidence for the increased chemical and physical weathering that may be responsible for OAE 2. To test these two related hypotheses will require oxygen, carbon and strontium isotopic and trace/REE element studies set within a rigorous sedimentologic and geochronologic framework. The latter will be supported by field investigations of volcanic and sedimentary rocks exposed near the basin margins. Driven by their earlier studies, PIs recognize that the isotopic values record both global climate changes and regional basin evolution. Unraveling these basin responses is not trivial, thus they have assembled scientists with unique yet complimentary expertise involving sedimentology, geochemistry, and modeling. Since this is a one-year study PIs will focus on existing core material (SK-I) and the upper portion of planned core (SK-II) that span the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary and OAE 2.

抽象的非技术：白垩纪（145至66 Myr of）的特征是地球经历异常温暖的温度和高二氧化碳水平时的间隔。 要了解地球在温室条件下的行为，必须研究地球过去的这些独特时代。为了研究这一时期，国际大陆科学钻探计划启动了一个名为“白垩纪Songliao盆地的大陆科学钻井项目：连续的高分辨率地面架档案和温室气候变化”。该项目将通过整个白垩纪保存为中国东北部的古老湖沉积物，提供约10公里的几乎连续的核心。 PI将利用这一前所未有的机会来研究白垩纪的hothouse，通过收集同位素和沉积学数据，专门针对地球时的间隔（例如〜93 Myr Ago），当时地球经历了极端的温暖，并且海洋变得无氧。 他们召集了一个科学家团队（斯坦福大学，威斯康星州大学和西北大学），采用了独特的和免费的技能，以解决地球中纬度在极端温暖期间如何表现的问题。 PI特别感兴趣地检查了这些循环已经操作的地球水文和碳循环以及时间尺度之间的联系和反馈。他们的研究将为陆地环境提供最详细和最有限的同位素数据集之一。这些数据将为他们的建模研究提供基础，该研究将在与热热事件相关的温度和降水变化方面具有定量界限。技术：这项为期一年的研究着重于中国东北部的Songliao盆地的白垩纪气候变化记录，中国长期存在的内部掉落的Rift Rift lift盆地。 PIS对全球气候变化的陆地反应的理解部分是通过对地球经历温室和温室条件的时代的古气候研究的一部分告知的。 他们有一个独特的机会来解决有关全球变暖，碳循环和水文循环之间在陆地环境中的链接和反馈之间的问题，这是通过检查在白垩纪Songliao盆地ICDP加油中收集的核心材料的问题。 他们对这个盆地上白垩纪核心（SK-I）的初步研究表明，ostracods的碳同位素值反映了海洋记录中观察到的碳循环的全球扰动（Chamberlain等，2013）。 随着SK-II（2014年5月）的新钻芯的收集，PIS可以通过下白垩统扩展该记录。 在对白垩纪钻核的研究中，他们将解决两个相关的假设，即：1）SK-II核心将记录在海洋环境中观察到的下白垩纪的温度病史，尤其是高温及其同位素变化； 2）Songliao Drill Core在Cenomanian/Turonian边界上包含海洋缺氧事件（OAE）2的碳同位素证据，并且该边界将记录可能导致OAE 2的化学和物理风化的证据。要测试这两个相关的假设，需要氧气和氧化物，碳和巧克力率和依赖元素的序列和依赖的序列，并进行了固定的序列。后者将得到对盆地边缘附近火山和沉积岩的现场调查的支持。在较早的研究的推动下，PI认识到同位素值记录了全球气候变化和区域盆地的演变。阐明这些盆地的反应并不是微不足道的，因此他们以涉及沉积学，地球化学和建模的独特但免费的专业知识组装了科学家。 由于这是一年的研究，PI将重点关注现有的核心材料（SK-I）和跨越Cenomanian/Turonian边界和OAE 2的计划核心（SK-II）的上部。