Collaborative Research: High-resolution Cretaceous terrestrial climate records of temperature, weathering and hydrologic response to hyperthermals in Songliao Basin, China

合作研究：中国松辽盆地高分辨率白垩纪陆地气候记录的温度、风化和水文对高温的响应

• 批准号: 1424474
• 负责人: Bradley Sageman
• 金额: $ 5.1万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-15 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1424474&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; resolution; Cretaceous; terrestrial

Abstract Non-technical: The Cretaceous period (145 to 66 myr ago) is characterized by an interval when the Earth experienced unusually warm temperatures and high carbon dioxide levels. To understand how the Earth might behave during greenhouse conditions it is imperative to study these unique times in the Earth's past. In an effort to examine this time period, the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program launched a project entitled 'Continental Scientific Drilling Project of Cretaceous Songliao Basin: Continuous High-resolution Terrestrial Archives and Greenhouse Climate Change,'. This project will provide ~10 km of nearly continuous core through the entire Cretaceous that is preserved as ancient lake sediments in northeast China. PIs will take advantage of this unprecedented opportunity to study the Cretaceous hothouse by collecting isotopic and sedimentologic data specifically focusing on intervals (e.g. ~93 myr ago) in the Cretaceous when the Earth experienced extreme warmth and the oceans became anoxic. They have assembled a team of scientists (Stanford Univ., Univ. of Wisconsin, and Northwestern Univ.) with unique and complimentary skill sets to address the problem of how Earth's mid-latitudes behave during extreme warmth. PIs are particularly interested in examining the links and feedbacks between the Earth's hydrologic and carbon cycles and time-scales that these cycles are operative over. Their study will provide one of the most detailed and constrained isotopic data sets for a terrestrial setting. These data will provide the basis for their modeling studies that will give quantitative bounds on the temperature and precipitation changes associated with hyperthermal events.Technical: This one-year study focuses on the Cretaceous terrestrial record of climate change in the Songliao Basin of northeastern China, a long-lived, internally drained rift basin. PIs understanding of the terrestrial responses to global climate change are informed in part, by paleoclimate studies of times when the Earth experienced greenhouse and hothouse conditions. They have a unique opportunity to address questions concerning the links and feedbacks between global warming, the carbon cycle and the hydrologic cycle in a terrestrial setting through the examination of core material collected in ICDP coring of the Cretaceous Songliao Basin. Their initial studies of the Upper Cretaceous core (SK-I) from this basin show that the carbon isotopic values of ostracods reflect the global perturbations of the carbon cycle as observed in marine records (Chamberlain et al., 2013). With the collection of the new drill core from SK-II (May 2014), PIs are positioned to extend this record through the Lower Cretaceous. In their study of the Cretaceous drill-core they will address two related hypotheses, which are: 1) SK-II core will record the temperature history of the Lower Cretaceous observed in marine settings, particularly the hyperthermals and their carbon isotopic changes; and 2) the Songliao drill core contains carbon isotopic evidence for the Ocean Anoxic Event (OAE) 2 at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary, and this boundary will record evidence for the increased chemical and physical weathering that may be responsible for OAE 2. To test these two related hypotheses will require oxygen, carbon and strontium isotopic and trace/REE element studies set within a rigorous sedimentologic and geochronologic framework. The latter will be supported by field investigations of volcanic and sedimentary rocks exposed near the basin margins. Driven by their earlier studies, PIs recognize that the isotopic values record both global climate changes and regional basin evolution. Unraveling these basin responses is not trivial, thus they have assembled scientists with unique yet complimentary expertise involving sedimentology, geochemistry, and modeling. Since this is a one-year study PIs will focus on existing core material (SK-I) and the upper portion of planned core (SK-II) that span the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary and OAE 2.

摘要非技术性：白垩纪（1.45亿至6600万年前）的特征是地球经历了异常温暖的温度和高二氧化碳水平。 为了了解地球在温室条件下的行为，必须研究地球过去的这些独特时期。为了研究这一时间段，国际大陆科学钻探计划启动了一个名为“白垩纪松辽盆地大陆科学钻探项目：连续高分辨率陆地档案与温室气候变化”的项目。该项目将提供贯穿整个白垩纪的约10公里的几乎连续的岩心，这些岩心作为中国东北部的古湖泊沉积物保存下来。PI将利用这一前所未有的机会，通过收集同位素和沉积学数据来研究白垩纪的温室，这些数据特别关注白垩纪地球经历极端温暖和海洋缺氧的时期（例如约9300万年前）。 他们已经组建了一个科学家团队（斯坦福大学，威斯康星州和西北大学）拥有独特和互补的技能，以解决地球中纬度地区在极端温暖时期的行为问题。 PI特别感兴趣的是研究地球的水文和碳循环之间的联系和反馈，以及这些循环的时间尺度。他们的研究将提供一个最详细和约束的地球环境同位素数据集。这些数据将为他们的模拟研究提供基础，这些模拟研究将给出与超高温事件相关的温度和降水变化的定量界限。技术：这项为期一年的研究重点是中国东北松辽盆地白垩纪陆地气候变化记录。PI对地球对全球气候变化的反应的理解部分来自于对地球经历温室和温室条件的古气候研究。 他们有一个独特的机会来解决有关全球变暖，碳循环和水文循环之间的联系和反馈的问题，在陆地环境中通过检查的核心材料收集的白垩纪松辽盆地的ICDP取芯。 他们对该盆地上白垩纪岩心（SK-1）的初步研究表明，介形虫的碳同位素值反映了海洋记录中观察到的碳循环的全球扰动（Chamberlain等人，2013年）。 随着从SK-II（2014年5月）收集到新的岩心，PI被定位为将这一记录延伸到下白垩纪。 在对白垩纪岩心的研究中，他们提出了两个相关的假设：1）SK-Ⅱ岩心记录了下白垩纪在海相环境中观察到的温度历史，特别是高温流及其碳同位素变化;松辽钻孔岩芯中含有Cenomanian/Turonian界线OAE 2事件的碳同位素证据，该边界将记录可能导致OAE 2的化学和物理风化增加的证据。为了检验这两个相关的假设，需要在严格的沉积学和地质年代学框架内进行氧、碳、锶同位素和微量/稀土元素研究。对盆地边缘附近暴露的火山岩和沉积岩的实地调查将支持后者。在早期研究的推动下，PI认识到同位素值记录了全球气候变化和区域盆地演化。解开这些盆地的反应是不平凡的，因此，他们聚集了科学家与独特的，但互补的专业知识，涉及沉积学，地球化学和建模。 由于这是一项为期一年的研究，PI将重点关注现有岩心材料（SK-I）和计划岩心（SK-II）的上部，这些岩心材料跨越Cenomanian/Turonian边界和OAE 2。