Mechanisms and thresholds of fungicide effects on microbial communities and organic matter processing

杀菌剂对微生物群落和有机物处理作用的机制和阈值

• 批准号: 216374258
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Florian Leese
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/216374258?language=en
• 关键词: Mechanisms; thresholds; fungicide; effects; microbial

In the first project phase, we examined effects of fungicides on organic matter processing in streams. We found that the fungicide toxicity gradient in the field study was associated with changes in microbial communities and a decline in microbial organic matter processing. In the second project phase, we will scrutinise effect mechanisms of fungicides on microbial communities and the potential propagation to organic matter processing. In addition, we will reconcile the mismatch regarding threshold levels between field observations and the few studies on fungicides under controlled conditions (e.g. microcosms, mesocosms). In the first work package, we scrutinise the effect mechanisms of fungicides on microbial leaf processing. The experiment follows a complex test design that considers crucial elements of the field situation, namely repeated exposure, feeding pressure by shredders and multiple cycles of colonisation-decomposition. The experiment will be run in 6 places worldwide using typical invertebrate shredders and leafs (consortium of laboratories from Australia, Canada, Germany, Denmark, Costa Rica and Sweden) and will employ an exposure pattern with mixtures derived from a global analysis of fungicide concentrations in surface waters. In addition, the experiment will feature several turnovers of organic material in terms of leaf material, which means that potential effects can cumulate. The latter has been demonstrated in a preliminary experiment. The measured endpoints include the leaf processing rate, invertebrate growth and microbial community composition and biomass. We will derive effect thresholds for fungicides and hypothesise that the effects cumulate over time and that this explains differences in effect thresholds between laboratory and field studies.The second work package aims to establish a stronger link between fungicide toxicity and potential changes of microbial communities and organic matter processing. It features a field study with each of 6 streams with high and low fungicide toxicity, where one pristine upstream site at the edge of the forest and one downstream site in the viticultural area will be selected (i.e. a total of 24 sites). The field survey will span the pre-fungicide application and the following fungicide application period and includes the comparison of microbial communities and microbial processing between upstream and downstream sites. Leaf bags colonised in pristine upstream reaches and in downstream reaches in the viticultural area will be employed to identify (1) differences in the community composition and organic matter processing and its relation to the fungicide application period and fungicide toxicity and (2) the implications of the pollution state for microbial colonisation. Overall, this follow-up project will provide mechanistic explanation and further evidence of causality of fungicide toxicity with ecological endpoints.

在项目的第一阶段，我们研究了杀真菌剂对溪流中有机物处理的影响。我们发现，杀菌剂的毒性梯度在现场研究与微生物群落的变化和微生物有机物处理的下降。在第二个项目阶段，我们将仔细研究杀菌剂对微生物群落的影响机制以及对有机物处理的潜在传播。此外，我们将调和阈值水平之间的不匹配的实地观察和控制条件下（如微生态系统，中生态系统）的杀真菌剂的几项研究。在第一个工作包中，我们仔细研究了杀菌剂对微生物叶加工的影响机制。该实验遵循一个复杂的测试设计，考虑到实地情况的关键因素，即反复暴露，粉碎机的进料压力和多个周期的殖民分解。该实验将在全球6个地方使用典型的无脊椎动物切碎机和树叶（来自澳大利亚、加拿大、德国、丹麦、哥斯达黎加和瑞典的实验室联合体）进行，并将采用从全球地表水沃茨中杀真菌剂浓度分析得出的混合物暴露模式。此外，该实验将以叶材料方面的有机材料的几次周转为特色，这意味着潜在的影响可以累积。后者已在初步实验中得到证实。测量的终点包括叶加工率、无脊椎动物生长和微生物群落组成和生物量。我们将推导出杀菌剂的效应阈值，并假设随着时间的推移累积的影响，这解释了实验室和现场研究之间的效应阈值的差异。第二个工作包旨在建立杀菌剂毒性和潜在的微生物群落和有机物处理的变化之间更强的联系。它的特点是对6条具有高和低杀菌剂毒性的溪流进行实地研究，其中将选择森林边缘的一个原始上游地点和葡萄栽培区的一个下游地点（即总共24个地点）。现场调查将涵盖杀菌剂施用前和随后的杀菌剂施用期，并包括上游和下游地点之间微生物群落和微生物处理的比较。在原始的上游河段和下游河段的葡萄栽培区定殖叶袋将被用来确定（1）社区组成和有机物处理的差异及其与杀菌剂应用期和杀菌剂毒性的关系，以及（2）污染状态对微生物定殖的影响。总体而言，该后续项目将提供机制解释和进一步的证据，杀菌剂毒性与生态终点的因果关系。