Doctoral Dissertation Research: Forced Migration and Economic Development

博士论文研究：强迫移民与经济发展

• 批准号: 1434020
• 负责人: Leah VanWey
• 金额: $ 1.08万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1434020&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Forced; Migration

Forced migration due to development projects and environmental change is a growing source of social upheaval in much of the world. Economic development is tied to the expansion of hydroelectric dams, highways, mines, and urban infrastructure, and an estimated 15 million people per year are forced from their homes to make way for such growth. Past research indicates that forced migrants displaced permanently by development projects are rarely able to regain their livelihoods, risking impoverishment due to landlessness, joblessness, food insecurity, and the loss of social networks. In addition, a number of scholars have called for a greater theoretical knowledge of the social processes surrounding forced migration. By understanding the decision-making process among those forced to migrate as well as the factors associated with the ability for displaced families to rebuild livelihoods, we will be better prepared to address displacement from future dams, large-scale infrastructure projects, and environmental change. This dissertation will study the case of forced migration due to the Belo Monte Dam, which is currently under construction in the Brazilian Amazon. By drawing from literature on the social impacts of development in the Amazon, demographic research on migration, and sociological and anthropological work on development-induced displacement, this research seeks to expand understandings of both the process and socioeconomic outcomes of dam-induced forced migration. A unique strength of this project is that it draws on prospective data, which enables following the migration process as it unfolds rather than relying on retrospective accounts. She uses pre- and post-displacement household survey and semi-structured interview data to answer the following questions: (1) How do households navigate the process of forced migration and adapt livelihood strategies to their new land and resources? (2) What factors are associated with changes in household-level income, assets, and subjective well-being after forced migration? and (3) What characteristics of Belo Monte?s rural resettlement program might mitigate the negative socioeconomic impacts often associated with forced migration?This project will contribute to the field of migration and development by focusing on both pre- and post-displacement observations of forced migrants. In addition, this project offers insights that can be used by stakeholders to improve resettlement policies.

由于发展项目和环境变化而被迫移徙是世界大部分地区社会动荡的一个日益严重的根源。经济发展与水电大坝、公路、矿山和城市基础设施的扩张息息相关，估计每年有1500万人被迫离开家园，为这些增长让路。过去的研究表明，被发展项目永久流离失所的被迫移民很少能够恢复生计，冒着因无地、失业、粮食不安全和失去社会网络而陷入贫困的风险。此外，一些学者呼吁对围绕强迫移徙的社会过程有更多的理论知识。通过了解被迫移民的决策过程以及与流离失所家庭重建生计能力相关的因素，我们将更好地为解决未来大坝的流离失所问题、大规模基础设施项目和环境变化做好准备。本论文将研究目前正在建设中的巴西亚马逊地区的贝洛蒙特大坝造成的强迫移民的案例。通过借鉴关于亚马逊地区发展的社会影响的文献、关于移徙的人口研究以及关于发展引起的流离失所的社会学和人类学工作，这项研究试图扩大对大坝引起的强迫移徙的过程和社会经济结果的理解。该项目的一个独特优势是它利用了前瞻性数据，这使得能够在迁移过程展开时跟踪迁移过程，而不是依赖回溯性帐户。她使用迁移前和迁移后的家庭调查和半结构化访谈数据来回答以下问题：(1)家庭如何驾驭被迫迁移的过程，并使生计战略适应他们新的土地和资源？(2)哪些因素与被迫迁移后家庭收入、资产和主观幸福感的变化有关？和(3)贝洛蒙特？S农村安置计划的哪些特点可能会减轻经常与强迫移民相关的负面社会经济影响？该项目将通过关注被迫移民流离失所前和流离失所后的观察，为移民与发展领域做出贡献。此外，该项目还提供了可供利益攸关方用来改进重新安置政策的见解。