FOR 729: Anti-infective Effector Programmes: Signals and Mediators

免疫系统的生理任务是通过激活和执行适当的免疫效应程序来根除病原体。作为执行抗感染效应程序的先决条件，入侵的病原体（细菌、病毒、真菌、原生动物、蠕虫）必须被感知和识别。紧接着，免疫系统的足够的体液和细胞组分的募集发生，这对于介导保护性免疫应答的效应物程序的启动是必不可少的。通过共同进化，特别是细胞内复制的病原体已经开发出规避或阻止免疫效应程序执行的策略。虽然在过去几年中，对病原体识别机制的认识取得了很大进展（病原体相关分子模式/toll样受体），但对负责根除病原体的分子机制以及通过病原体调节和灭活这些机制的理解进展相当有限。

The physiological task of the immune system is the eradication of pathogens through the activation and execution of adequate immunological effector programmes. As a prerequisite of the execution of anti-infective effector programmes the invading pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminthes) must be sensed and identified. Immediately afterwards, recruitment of the adequate humoral and cellular components of the immune system takes place, which are essential for the initiation of the effector programmes that mediate a protective immune response. Through coevolution especially intracellularly replicating pathogens have developed strategies that circumvent or block the execution of immune effector programmes. While the gain of knowledge of mechanisms for the recognition of pathogens have made great progress during the last years (pathogen associated molecular patterns/toll like receptors), advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the eradication of pathogens as well as the modulation and inactivation of these mechanisms through pathogens have been rather limited.