GOALI: Sinter-Resistant, Self-Regenerating Platinum Group Metal Catalysts for Low Temperature Oxidation

GOALI：用于低温氧化的抗烧结、自再生铂族金属催化剂

• 批准号: 1438765
• 负责人: Abhaya Datye
• 金额: $ 36万
• 依托单位: University of New Mexico
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1438765&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: GOALI; Sinter; Resistant; Self; Regenerating

Project Title: GOALI: Sinter-Resistant, Self-Regenerating Platinum Group Metal Catalysts for Automotive Exhaust TreatmentAdvanced combustion engines being developed for meeting our transportation needs achieve improved fuel efficiency by lowering exhaust temperatures. This puts demands on the technology for catalytic converters, since these catalysts must become active at lower temperatures. The proposed research addresses the design of these catalysts, leading to improvements in air quality and to societal needs for energy. Automotive exhaust catalysts lose activity during use due to precious metal sintering. This loss of performance requires a new exhaust catalyst, thereby putting pressure on prices for precious metals such as Pt and Pd. By developing ways to slow the growth of metal particle size, demand for these precious metals is reduced, and they can be used more efficiently. This GOALI award recognizes the strategic importance of this research to the U.S., and is in support of an industry-university collaboration between Abhaya Datye of the University of New Mexico and Chang Kim and Gongshin Qi of General Motors Global R&D. The university participants will use model catalysts that allow characterization with advanced microscopy techniques which cannot be applied to actual commercial automotive catalysts. The results will be shared with the scientists at GM, and the team will attempt to implement the findings in new technologies for exhaust emissions control. An added educational feature is that students will spend time working in the industry partner laboratories as part of this collaborative research program.The research challenge being addressed here impacts the entire class of precious metal heterogeneous catalysts used for meeting the needs for energy, materials and fuels. Three way catalysts in automotive exhaust (especially those in the close coupled position) are subjected to elevated temperatures that lead to growth of nanoparticle size and loss of activity. The research will address Ostwald ripening of nanoparticles, investigating the key steps of atom emission and capture, by using model catalysts. Industrial supported metal catalysts do not lend themselves to direct measurements of processes such as atom emission or capture, which are critical to understanding catalyst sintering. This research program uses novel forms of model catalysts that can be heated to temperatures and gas atmospheres encountered in automotive exhaust. The model catalysts allow obtaining time-lapsed electron micrographic images of the same region of the sample, so that rates of atom transport can be inferred. These rates, coupled with a robust physics-based model, will help improve predictions of catalyst sintering. Methods will be developed to modify the rates of emission and novel approaches developed to capture mobile species. Concepts developed using model catalysts will be translated to powder catalysts and tested under realistic conditions using the facilities of the industry partner. The close participation of industry and university researchers is critical for validating the concepts and models. GM has committed significant resources in terms of people time and access to facilities, to enable this research to be successful. The partnership will help address significant unknowns in the understanding of catalyst sintering, and will lead to advances in the synthesis of novel catalysts with improved reactivity.

项目标题：GALI：用于汽车尾气处理的耐烧结性、自再生铂族金属催化剂为满足我们的运输需求而开发的先进内燃机通过降低排气温度来提高燃油效率。这对催化转化器的技术提出了要求，因为这些催化剂必须在较低的温度下变得活跃。拟议的研究针对这些催化剂的设计，导致空气质量的改善和社会对能源的需求。汽车尾气催化剂在使用过程中会因贵金属烧结而失去活性。这种性能的损失需要一种新的废气催化剂，从而对铂和钯等贵金属的价格构成压力。通过开发减缓金属颗粒尺寸增长的方法，减少了对这些贵金属的需求，可以更有效地利用它们。该奖项认可了这项研究对美国的战略重要性，并支持新墨西哥大学的Abhaya Datye与通用汽车全球研发部门的Chang Kim和Gongshin qi之间的行业与大学合作。大学参与者将使用模型催化剂，这些模型催化剂可以用先进的显微技术进行表征，而这些技术不能应用于实际的商业汽车催化剂。研究结果将与通用汽车的科学家分享，该团队将尝试将这些发现应用于尾气排放控制的新技术中。另外一个教育特点是，作为合作研究计划的一部分，学生将花费时间在行业合作实验室工作。这里正在解决的研究挑战影响到整个类别的贵金属多相催化剂，用于满足对能源、材料和燃料的需求。汽车尾气中的三效催化剂(特别是那些处于紧密耦合位置的催化剂)会受到高温的影响，导致纳米颗粒尺寸增大和活性丧失。这项研究将通过使用模型催化剂，研究纳米粒子的Ostwald成熟，研究原子发射和捕获的关键步骤。工业负载型金属催化剂不适合直接测量原子发射或捕获等过程，这些过程对理解催化剂烧结至关重要。这项研究计划使用了新形式的模型催化剂，可以加热到汽车尾气中遇到的温度和气体大气。模型催化剂可以获得样品相同区域的延时电子显微图像，因此可以推断原子迁移的速度。这些速率，再加上一个强大的基于物理的模型，将有助于提高对催化剂烧结的预测。将开发修改排放速率的方法和开发捕获可移动物种的新方法。使用模型催化剂开发的概念将转化为粉末催化剂，并使用行业合作伙伴的设施在现实条件下进行测试。产业界和大学研究人员的密切参与对于验证概念和模型至关重要。通用汽车在人员、时间和设施使用方面投入了大量资源，以使这项研究取得成功。这一伙伴关系将有助于解决催化剂烧结方面的重大未知问题，并将导致在合成具有更高反应性的新型催化剂方面取得进展。