NuSTEC School on Neutrino Nucleus Scattering Physics at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, October 18 - 26, 2014

20世纪最重要的智力成就之一是粒子物理学标准模型（SM）的发展。这个模型成功地将当时已知的所有基本粒子划分为具有相似量子特性的等级。到目前为止，这个模型的有效性最近被欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机发现的希格斯玻色子所证实。然而，目前存在的标准模型留下了许多关于宇宙的问题，包括为什么希格斯质量具有它所具有的价值以及为什么宇宙中没有反物质等基本问题。寻找这些和其他关于宇宙的开放性问题的答案的主要领域之一，它是如何形成的，为什么它是这样的，就是把重点放在中微子的特性研究上，并利用我们所知道的和可以学到的关于中微子的知识作为标准模型之外的科学探测器。中微子是一种基本粒子，它几乎不与宇宙中任何其他物质相互作用。它们不带电荷，一度被认为是无质量的。像其他基本粒子一样，它们被认为有一种反物质，即反中微子。此外，标准模型预测，实际上有三种不同的中微子，它们在相互作用时所经历的不同相互作用可以区分开来。该奖项将帮助资助第一个中微子散射理论实验合作（NuSTEC）中微子核散射学校。学校将于2014年10月18日至26日在费米实验室举行。NuSTEC是一个致力于中微子核散射物理学的理论家和实验家的合作项目。智力优势：学校的目的是提供必要的理论背景与核子和原子核的电弱相互作用的物理。这一理论背景对于培养下一代中微子物理学家是必要的。这所学校的首要目标是更好地理解中微子。核相互作用的更精确的振荡测量，基于一个互补的方法使用实验，理论和模拟。目标读者包括理论和实验物理学的研究生和博士后。更广泛的影响：NuSTEC合作的目标是培养下一代中微子物理学家。中微子相互作用的精确知识对于将来测量质量和混合介质中微子振荡是绝对必要的。为了实现中微子物理的精确测量，下一代中微子物理学界需要详细了解和模拟核环境中中微子弱相互作用的基本物理。我们需要彻底性，以便我们能够可靠地将相关的模型计算应用于我们精确中微子研究所需的广泛能量范围和不同的原子核。

One of the major intellectual achievements of the 20th century was the development of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. This model succeeded in classifying all of the elementary particles known at the time into a hierarchy of groups having similar quantum properties. The validity of this model to date was recently confirmed by the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. However, the Standard Model as it currently exists leaves open many questions about the universe, including such fundamental questions as to why the Higgs mass has the value it has and why there is no antimatter in the universe. One of the primary areas to search for answers to these and other open questions about the universe, how it came to be and why it is the way it is, is to focus on a study of the properties of neutrinos and to use what we know and can learn about neutrinos as probes of science beyond the Standard Model. Neutrinos are those elementary particles that interact with practically nothing else in the universe. They have no electric charge and were once thought to be massless. Like other elementary particles, they were believed to have an antimatter counterpart, the antineutrino. Moreover, the Standard Model predicted that there were actually three different kinds of neutrinos that were distinguishable through the different interactions that they did undergo whenever there was an interaction. This award will help fund the first Neutrino Scattering Theory Experiment Collaboration (NuSTEC) neutrino nucleus scattering school. The school will be held at Fermilab from October 18 to 26, 2014. NuSTEC is a collaboration of theorists and experimentalists working on neutrino nucleus scattering physics.Intellectual Merit: The aim of the school is to provide the necessary theoretical background on the physics of the electroweak interactions with nucleons and nuclei. The theoretical background is necessary for the preparation of the next generation neutrino physicists. An overarching goal of this school is the better understanding of neutrino−nucleus interactions for more precise oscillation measurements, based on a complementary approach using experiments, theory and simulations. The target audience consists of graduate students and post-docs in both theoretical and experimental physics.Broader Impact: The goal of the NuSTEC collaboration is to train the next generation of neutrino physicists. Precise knowledge of neutrino interactions is an absolute necessity for future measurements of the masses and mixing-mediating neutrino oscillations. To enable precision measurements in neutrino physics, the next generation neutrino physics community needs to understand and model in detail the underlying physics of the neutrino weak interaction within a nuclear environment. Thoroughness is required so that we can reliably apply the relevant model calculations across the wide energy ranges and varying nuclei necessary for our precision neutrino investigations.