Collaborative Research: Ground-based Measurements to Constrain Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation Interactions in West Coast United States Storms

合作研究：限制美国西海岸风暴中气溶胶-云-降水相互作用的地面测量

• 批准号: 1450690
• 负责人: Markus Petters
• 金额: $ 18.02万
• 依托单位: North Carolina State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-03-01 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1450690&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Ground; based; Measurements

AbstractThis research seeks to characterize aerosol particles acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nucleating particles (INPs) during wintertime storms along the west coast of the U.S. Specifically the researchers will participate in CalWater-2/ACAPEX field campaign with a combination of ground measurements at Bodega Bay, CA and airborne instruments studying the Atmospheric River (AR) phenomena and the impact of aerosols on wintertime precipitation in the Sierra Mountains of California. Intellectual MeritThese ground-based and in situ airborne measurements will improve our fundamental understanding of the role of biological and other aerosol types in enhancing or suppressing orographic precipitation over the western U.S. during winter. A variety of instruments will be used to directly and remotely measure these aerosols. The results should aid the cloud microphysics community through improved understanding of ice formation in clouds at temperatures warmer than -20C. This study will be conducted in collaboration with the Department of Energy (DoE) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) during the CalWater-2 field campaign. The ground- and ship-based data will be combined with airborne data to develop a four-dimensional view of Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) and Ice Nucleating Particle (INP) concentrations. Data sets will be integrated into a description of the influences of these aerosols on winter and early spring precipitation in the Sierra Mountains of California. Broader ImpactsThis project will support the training of Ph.D. students from two universities (Colorado State University and North Carolina State University) using advanced instrumentation including confocal fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. With the ongoing drought in the western United States this study is both timely and critical in advancing our understanding of biological and other aerosol types on wintertime precipitation in the Sierra Mountains. As a major source region of the U.S. food supply, an improved understanding of the role of these aerosols on wintertime precipitation has broad implications on the resulting spring and summer water management policy in California.

摘要本研究旨在描述美国西海岸沿着冬季风暴期间气溶胶颗粒作为云凝结核（CCN）和冰成核颗粒（INPs）的特征。具体而言，研究人员将参加CalWater-2/ACAPEX现场活动，并结合博德加湾的地面测量，研究大气河流（AR）现象和气溶胶对加州塞拉山脉冬季降水影响的CA和机载仪器。 这些地面和现场空中测量将提高我们对生物和其他气溶胶类型在增强或抑制美国西部冬季地形降水中的作用的基本理解。 将使用各种仪器直接和远程测量这些气溶胶。 这些结果应该有助于云微物理学界通过提高对温度高于-20 ℃时云中冰形成的理解。 这项研究将在CalWater-2实地活动期间与能源部（DoE）和国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）合作进行。 地面和船载数据将与机载数据相结合，以开发云凝结核（CCN）和冰核粒子（INP）浓度的四维视图。 数据集将被整合到这些气溶胶对冬季和早春降水在加州的塞拉山脉的影响的描述。 更广泛的影响这个项目将支持博士的培训。来自两所大学（科罗拉多州立大学和北卡罗来纳州州立大学）的学生使用先进的仪器，包括共聚焦荧光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜。 随着美国西部持续干旱，这项研究是及时和关键的，在推进我们的了解生物和其他气溶胶类型的冬季降水在塞拉利昂山脉。 作为美国粮食供应的主要来源地区，更好地了解这些气溶胶对冬季降水的作用对加州春季和夏季水资源管理政策具有广泛的影响。