Filling a critical gap in the sampling of Amazonia plant diversity: Floristic inventory of the Tapajos National Forest and Amazonia National Park

填补亚马逊植物多样性采样的关键空白：塔帕霍斯国家森林和亚马逊国家公园的植物区系清查

• 批准号: 1456232
• 负责人: Benjamin Torke
• 金额: $ 30.76万
• 依托单位: New York Botanical Garden
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-05-01 至 2020-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1456232&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Filling; critical; gap; sampling; Amazonia

The basin of the Tapajos River in the Brazilian Amazon Rain Forest is a region of exceptionally high biodiversity and pressing ecosystem threats, including some of the highest deforestation rates in the Amazon. The plant communities of the region are very poorly known, and many large areas within the basin have been little studied by botanists. This paucity of botanical information about the region impedes critical research on the past, present, and future of Amazonian plant diversity. This project will compile inventories of the plants of two protected areas in the region that are critical for the study and management of biodiversity. The primary goal is to produce an interactive open-access, web-based conspectus guide to the plants of the two areas. Project data will be shared with the global research community and Brazilian governmental agencies so that the plant resources and natural ecosystems contained within the two areas might be more effectively studied, protected, and managed. Beyond its basic scientific value, the project will advance scientific collaboration between the US and Brazil by sponsoring inter-institutional research travel by project personnel and by providing training opportunities for American and Brazilian students.This project will produce comprehensive inventories of the vascular plants of Tapajos National Forest and Amazonia National Park. These will be the first such inventories for any comparably sized areas in southeast Amazonia. The project will combine a synthesis of existing data with intensive collecting of herbarium specimens and tissue samples for DNA-based studies. General collecting and plot-based inventory approaches will be implemented to maximize species recovery. Identification of specimens will rely on traditional morphologically based approaches, as well as DNA barcoding. The two inventories will constitute critical datasets for comparison with previously documented Amazonian floras. Project data will be useful for testing hypotheses about the distribution of Amazonian plant diversity and will contribute toward efforts to model projected floristic change. It is highly probable that the research will extend the known limits of plant distributions and will result in the discovery of significant new taxonomic diversity. A web-based conspectus flora will be supported by state-of-the-art informatics technologies and will make project data and other resources broadly available for diverse areas of research that require the accurate identification of plant species. Project data will also be shared with a wide range of international biodiversity data portals and related applications.

巴西亚马逊雨林中的塔帕霍斯河流域是一个生物多样性极高的地区，面临着紧迫的生态系统威胁，其中包括亚马逊地区森林砍伐率最高的一些地区。该地区的植物群落知之甚少，植物学家对盆地内的许多大片地区几乎没有研究。关于该地区的植物学信息的缺乏阻碍了对亚马逊植物多样性的过去、现在和未来的关键研究。该项目将汇编该区域两个保护区的植物清单，这两个保护区对生物多样性的研究和管理至关重要。主要目标是制作一个互动的开放访问，基于网络的概论指南，这两个地区的植物。项目数据将与全球研究界和巴西政府机构共享，以便更有效地研究、保护和管理这两个地区的植物资源和自然生态系统。除了基本的科学价值外，该项目还将通过赞助项目人员的机构间研究旅行和为美国和巴西学生提供培训机会，促进美国和巴西之间的科学合作。该项目将编制塔帕霍斯国家森林和亚马逊国家公园维管植物的全面清单。这将是亚马逊河东南部任何一个大面积地区的第一次这样的清查。该项目将联合收割机综合现有数据，并密集收集植物标本和组织样本，用于DNA研究。将采用一般性收集和基于地块的清查办法，以最大限度地恢复物种。标本的鉴定将依赖于传统的基于形态学的方法以及DNA条形码。这两份清单将构成与以前记录的亚马逊植物区系进行比较的关键数据集。项目数据将有助于检验关于亚马逊河植物多样性分布的假设，并将有助于建立预测的植物区系变化模型。这项研究极有可能扩大植物分布的已知范围，并导致发现重要的新的分类多样性。基于网络的概要植物群将得到最先进的信息学技术的支持，并将使项目数据和其他资源广泛用于需要准确识别植物物种的不同研究领域。项目数据还将与广泛的国际生物多样性数据门户和相关应用程序共享。