Collaborative Research: Mechanisms of Sound Source Localization Underlying an Ancestral Mode of Vertebrate Hearing

合作研究：脊椎动物听觉祖先模式下的声源定位机制

• 批准号: 1456700
• 负责人: Joseph Sisneros
• 金额: $ 59.06万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-15 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1456700&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Mechanisms; Sound; Source

The ability to locate the source of sounds enables animals to detect prey, avoid predators and communicate with others and is thus basic to survival in many species. While decades of behavioral, physiological and neuroanatomical research have revealed the physical cues and neural mechanisms that terrestrial animals use to localize sound, the mechanisms used by fish, the oldest living vertebrate group, remain a mystery. Collectively, these experiments will investigate the mechanisms of sound localization utilized by fish that likely formed the evolutionary foundation for more recent modes of vertebrate hearing and sound localization. Throughout the project, Drs. Sisneros and Forlano will train and mentor both graduate and undergraduate students and give annual public lectures regarding the supported research at the Friday Harbor Labs (FHL). As an integral part of this research program, Drs. Sisneros and Forlano will host GK-12 teachers every summer at FHL where they will participate in field and laboratory experiments. The researchers will also develop lesson plans, student projects and an educational website with the teachers at their home institutions. The investigation will take an integrated behavioral, anatomical, and brain activational approach to determine whether fish are fundamentally similar to other studied vertebrates, and use binaural information (information from both ears) to localize sound, or are fundamentally different, and achieve robust localization on the basis of monaural (single-ear) information alone. The central hypothesis to be tested is that binaural integration is essential for sound source localization in midshipman. To test this hypothesis, the investigators will 1) determine which inner ear endorgans are required for sound localization behavior by testing animals in an established sound playback paradigm before and after systematic unilateral or bilateral removal of each endorgan's otolith (saccule, lagena, utricle), 2) characterize the ipsilateral and contralateral projections of inner ear afferents from all three endorgans to known auditory processing regions in the hindbrain by bulk labeling each endorgan separately or in double or triple combination with different fluorescent-labeled dextran amine tracers, and 3) characterize the brain activation patterns resulting from controlled auditory directional stimulation in intact animals and in those that have undergone systematic endorgan removal, using c-Fos as a marker for neural activation. Duplicate digital files of all raw, processed and consolidated data will be stored locally and in the cloud by both researchers and will be made publically available within two years following publication.

定位声音来源的能力使动物能够发现猎物，避开捕食者并与其他动物交流，因此是许多物种生存的基础。虽然数十年的行为，生理和神经解剖学研究已经揭示了陆生动物用于定位声音的物理线索和神经机制，但鱼类使用的机制仍然是一个谜。总的来说，这些实验将研究鱼类利用的声音定位机制，这些机制可能构成了最近脊椎动物听觉和声音定位模式的进化基础。在整个项目中，Sisneros和Forlano博士将培训和指导研究生和本科生，并在星期五海港实验室（FHL）就支持的研究进行年度公开讲座。作为这项研究计划的一个组成部分，Sisneros博士和Forlano博士每年夏天将在FHL主持GK-12教师，他们将参加实地和实验室实验。研究人员还将制定课程计划，学生项目和教育网站与教师在他们的家乡机构。 该研究将采取综合的行为，解剖和大脑激活方法来确定鱼类是否与其他研究的脊椎动物基本相似，并使用双耳信息（双耳信息）来定位声音，或者根本不同，并仅基于单耳（单耳）信息实现鲁棒定位。要测试的中心假设是，双耳集成是必不可少的声源定位在海军学员。为了验证这一假设，研究人员将1）通过在系统性单侧或双侧去除每个内耳器官的耳石之前和之后，在已建立的声音回放范例中测试动物，来确定声音定位行为需要哪些内耳器官（球囊，壶腹，椭圆囊），（二）表征内耳传入神经从所有三个终末器官到已知听觉处理区域的同侧和对侧投射，通过单独地或与不同的荧光标记的葡聚糖胺示踪剂以双重或三重组合批量标记每个内器官，以及3）使用c-Fos作为神经激活的标记物，表征由完整动物和经历系统性内器官去除的动物中的受控听觉定向刺激引起的脑激活模式。 所有原始、处理和合并数据的重复数字文件将由两位研究人员存储在本地和云中，并将在出版后两年内提供。