Collaborative Research: Evolution of Systems Biology Underlying Fruiting Body Development in Fungi

合作研究：真菌子实体发育的系统生物学进化

• 批准号: 1457044
• 负责人: Jeffrey Townsend
• 金额: $ 60万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-05-15 至 2020-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1457044&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Evolution; Systems; Biology

Fungi are important pathogens of agricultural crops and humans, as well as beneficial root associates maintaining the health of our forests. Most fungi lack the ability to actively move. Instead, they grow vegetatively as hyphae, then spread from one location to another using spores that are carried by the wind. This project compares and contrasts the development of fruiting bodies of fungi that thrive in different environments, examining how fruiting body structure has adapted to a variety of environments. The project will identify genes that are responsible for adaptation of fungal fruiting bodies to different environments. The resulting understanding of fruiting body structure will yield basic science for novel control mechanisms that curtail the survival and dispersal of pathogenic spores. The proposed project will reach beyond the advancement of fundamental scientific research to benefit society by building on a successful outreach program that supports an environmental venture of fungal fruiting body cultivation at local urban high schools in New York City and Philadelphia. In addition, the project will bring fungal biology curricula to local students, addressing the Michigan state third grade standards, and to the MSU 4H Children's Garden.Shifts in gene expression underlie the interaction of developmental processes that drive the differentiation of tissues and the evolution of new morphologies in multicellular organisms. However, studies of how emergent properties of these interactions lead to novel, complex phenotypes that elucidate the evolutionary processes of developmental mechanisms are challenging in complex organisms. Fungi in the Phylum Ascomycota, a group that includes numerous important plant and animal pathogens, provide model systems for these studies as they are easily manipulated, develop fruiting structures with a few well-characterized tissue types on common media, and have genomic resources that enable comparative and functional analyses. The proposed research will use comparative transcriptional profiling and functional characterization coupled with phenotypic analyses to reveal developmental mechanisms underlying several key morphologies of fungal fruiting bodies, and to reveal the evolutionary processes by which these morphological innovations arose and diverged across a set of fungi. The research will reveal the genetic basis of a greater scope of morphological features of functional importance, associated with niche adaptation, for fungal fruiting bodies in the expanded six genera, and identify the roles and interactions of transcription factors in the evolution of the fruiting body development in two model species, F. graminearum and N. crassa. As the first systems biological analysis of developmental divergence in fungi, this research will provide an insightful comparison to well-known examples of developmental systems in microbes, plants, and animals. By studying these diverse multicellular systems, we gain a better understanding of the constraints and potentialities that shape developmental biology.

真菌是农作物和人类的重要病原体，也是维持我们森林健康的有益根源的伴侣。大多数真菌缺乏积极移动的能力。取而代之的是，它们作为菌丝生长，然后使用风带来的孢子从一个位置扩散到另一个位置。该项目比较并对比了在不同环境中繁衍生息的真菌的开发，并研究了果实的身体结构如何适应各种环境。该项目将确定负责将真菌结实物体适应不同环境的基因。对果实体结构的理解将产生基础科学，以减少致病孢子的存活和扩散的新型控制机制。拟议的项目将超越基本科学研究的发展，从而通过成功的外展计划建立支持社会，该计划支持纽约市和费城当地城市高中真菌果实身体种植的环境企业。此外，该项目将为当地学生带来真菌生物学课程，以密歇根州三年级的标准解决，并向MSU 4H儿童花园提供。基因表达的缩短基于发展多细胞生物体中组织分化和新形态发展的发育过程的相互作用。然而，研究这些相互作用的新兴特性如何导致新颖的复杂表型阐明发育机制的进化过程在复杂的生物体中具有挑战性。门comycota中的真菌（包括许多重要的动植物病原体）为这些研究提供了模型系统，因为它们很容易被操纵，在公共培养基上具有少数特征良好的组织类型，并具有启用比较和功能分析的基因组资源。拟议的研究将使用比较的转录分析和功能表征，再加上表型分析，以揭示真菌效果体的几种关键形态的发育机制，并揭示这些形态创新在一组Fungi中产生和分歧的进化过程。这项研究将揭示功能重要性的形态特征范围更大的遗传基础，与利基适应性相关，用于扩展的六属的真菌结实体，并确定转录因子在两个模型graminerearum和N. crassa中的效果和相互作用中的作用和相互作用。作为真菌发育差异的第一个系统生物学分析，这项研究将与微生物，植物和动物中众所周知的发育系统实例提供深入的比较。通过研究这些多样化的多细胞系统，我们可以更好地了解塑造发育生物学的约束和潜力。

项目成果

Integrative Activity of Mating Loci, Environmentally Responsive Genes, and Secondary Metabolism Pathways during Sexual Development of Chaetomium globosum

• DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02119-19
• 发表时间: 2019-12
• 期刊: mBio
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: Z. Wang;F. López-Giráldez;Junrui Wang;F. Trail;J. Townsend

Using evolutionary genomics, transcriptomics, and systems biology to reveal gene networks underlying fungal development

• DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2018.02.001
• 发表时间: 2018-09-01
• 期刊: FUNGAL BIOLOGY REVIEWS
• 影响因子: 6
• 作者: Wang，Zheng;Gudibanda，Aditya;Townsend，Jeffrey P.
• 通讯作者: Townsend，Jeffrey P.

Unmatched Level of Molecular Convergence among Deeply Divergent Complex Multicellular Fungi

深度分化的复杂多细胞真菌之间无与伦比的分子聚合水平

• DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa077
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Molecular Biology and Evolution
• 影响因子: 10.7
• 作者: Merényi, Zsolt;Prasanna, Arun N;Wang, Zheng;Kovács, Károly;Hegedüs, Botond;Bálint, Balázs;Papp, Balázs;Townsend, Jeffrey P;Nagy, László G;Pupko, Tal
• 通讯作者: Pupko, Tal

Metabolism and Development during Conidial Germination in Response to a Carbon-Nitrogen-Rich Synthetic or a Natural Source of Nutrition in Neurospora crassa

• DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00192-19
• 发表时间: 2019-03-01
• 期刊: MBIO
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: Wang, Zheng;Miguel-Rojas, Cristina;Townsend, Jeffrey P.
• 通讯作者: Townsend, Jeffrey P.