Doctoral Dissertation Research: Ecologies of Water Governance

博士论文研究：水治理生态学

• 批准号: 1459359
• 负责人: William Mazzarella
• 金额: $ 1.51万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-02-01 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1459359&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Ecologies; Water

Water scarcity has been widely linked to political and economic instability. As new methods for water extraction, delivery, and management are explored and implemented, evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of water governance structures becomes critical to preventing water stress. This project, which trains a graduate student in how to conduct rigorous, empirically-grounded scientific fieldwork, explores how water governance unfolds on the ground, through formal and informal means, under conditions of increasing resource scarcity and growing population sizes. The lessons this research produces can be of value in deepening understanding of similar situations, especially in economies where agriculture is irrigation-dependent and where water access is stressed between the demands of a large urban population and the demands of an extensive irrigation-dependent agricultural sector.Maira Hayat, under the supervision of Dr. William Mazzarella of the University of Chicago, will explore water governance focusing on two locales: the drinking water market in an urban setting, and the public canal irrigation network in a village context. The research will take place in Pakistan, home to the world's largest contiguous irrigation network fed by the river Indus and its tributaries. Concentrated in the Punjab province, this network has roots in 19th century colonial policies aiming, in parallel, at increasing tax revenue from agricultural production, and 'settling' the region by converting the predominantly nomadic locals to sedentary agriculturalists. This research will deepen understanding of the relation between law and political economy; bureaucracies, markets and the intersection of knowledge and value regimes; and resource governance worldwide. It will contribute to analyses of law and economic life through charting the relation between economy and sovereignty, and contemporary water governance. This research will further understanding of the successes and failures of public irrigation, and enable policymakers to design better-informed policy, and help make policy less top-down at a time of extensive water-sector reform in many water-stressed contexts. This research combines fieldwork, interviews, focus groups, archival research, collection of oral histories, and legal textual analysis.

水资源短缺被广泛地与政治和经济不稳定联系在一起。随着水的提取、输送和管理的新方法的探索和实施，评估水治理结构的功效和有效性对于防止水压力变得至关重要。该项目旨在培养一名研究生如何进行严谨的、以经验为基础的科学实地考察，探讨在资源日益稀缺和人口规模不断增长的情况下，水治理如何通过正式和非正式手段在实地展开。这项研究得出的经验教训对于加深对类似情况的理解具有价值，特别是在农业依赖灌溉的经济体中，以及在大量城市人口的需求与广泛依赖灌溉的农业部门的需求之间强调水的获取的经济体中。在芝加哥大学的William Mazzarella博士的指导下，Maira Hayat将重点研究两个地方的水治理：城市环境中的饮用水市场和乡村环境中的公共运河灌溉网络。这项研究将在巴基斯坦进行。巴基斯坦拥有世界上最大的连续灌溉网络，由印度河及其支流提供水源。这个网络主要集中在旁遮普省，其根源在于19世纪的殖民政策，旨在增加农业生产的税收，并通过将以游牧为主的当地人转变为定居的农民来“定居”该地区。本研究将加深对法律与政治经济学关系的理解；官僚机构、市场以及知识与价值制度的交叉；以及全球资源治理。它将通过绘制经济与主权之间的关系以及当代水治理，有助于分析法律和经济生活。这项研究将进一步了解公共灌溉的成功和失败，使决策者能够设计更明智的政策，并有助于在许多水资源紧张的环境中进行广泛的水部门改革时减少自上而下的政策。这项研究结合了实地考察、访谈、焦点小组、档案研究、口述历史收集和法律文本分析。