REU Site: Ifugao Archaeological Project

该项目是根据本科生（REU）网站计划，这是一个NSF范围内的计划，虽然每个董事会管理自己的REU网站竞争的研究经验的支持。该计划支持本科生积极参与研究，努力向他们介绍科学研究，以鼓励他们继续参与国家的科学研究和发展事业。REU项目以有意义的方式让学生参与正在进行的研究项目或专门为此目的设计的研究项目。REU计划是NSF发展多元化，具有国际竞争力和全球参与的科学和工程劳动力的目标的主要贡献者。社会，行为和经济（SBE）科学理事会授予加州大学洛杉矶分校这REU网站赠款，以提高本科生在科学方法和分析的经验，在联合国教科文组织世界遗产地伊富高，菲律宾的长期研究项目。在这个REU计划的学生积极参与调查高地的经济和政治反应西班牙在菲律宾北方的到来。作为一个REU网站，该项目从广泛的背景，家庭机构，年龄，性别和种族招募初级和高级本科生，重点是代表性不足和女学生。PI团队致力于通过利用加州大学洛杉矶分校学术进步计划-社区学院伙伴关系中心的机构联系，将招聘重点放在为少数群体服务的机构上，包括社区学院。参与该项目的学生积极参与研究设计，数据收集和考古检索材料的实验室分析。学生接受考古现场方法，动物和植物分析，人类骨骼学，文物鉴定和编目的强化培训。通过加州大学洛杉矶分校（牵头机构）、华盛顿大学、威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校、菲律宾大学、菲律宾国家博物馆和拯救伊富高梯田运动公司之间的合作，尽管西班牙人未能在菲律宾北方高地殖民，但对伊富高考古记录的初步分析表明，公元前200年后，菲律宾发生了剧烈的景观和社会变革。公元1600年。为了确定西班牙殖民主义在菲律宾高原的影响，该研究计划进行地下挖掘，空间建模，以及动物和古植物样本，文物和人类骨骼遗骸的分析。该研究项目调查了西班牙殖民主义在菲律宾高原的政治和经济影响，特别是在菲律宾伊富高的联合国教科文组织世界遗产地，那里有世界上最广泛的水稻梯田。以前的模型表明，水稻梯田至少有2,000年的历史。然而，最近的考古资料表明，农业奇迹是在西班牙人到达菲律宾北方后建造的。公元1600年。此外，在公元1600年后不久，该地区发生了快速的社会和环境变化。这项研究为我们理解西班牙殖民主义提供了另一个视角，西班牙殖民主义主要集中在美洲。伊富高的梯田正在迅速恶化，经济和政治变革带来的变化使伊富高人民正在失去他们的物质和非物质遗产。梯田是地方风格的典型，伊富高社会组织与国家组织的同化，加上农民地位低下，传统知识迅速消失，可能会进一步造成梯田的退化。本研究的首要目标之一是为伊富高的物质和非物质遗产保护计划做出贡献。因此，REU网站通过促进后代社区的直接和积极参与来吸引社区。该项目还帮助建立一个社区博物馆和现场博物馆，以补充土著文化和历史课程的编制。此外，该计划旨在鼓励本科生从事STEM相关和人类学研究生课程。美国国家科学基金会国际科学与工程（伊势）计划共同资助了这个REU站点项目。

This project is supported under the Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) Sites program, which is an NSF-wide program although each Directorate administers its own REU Site competition. This program supports active research participation by undergraduate students in an effort to introduce them to scientific research so as to encourage their continued engagement in the nation's scientific research and development enterprise. REU projects involve students in meaningful ways in ongoing research programs or in research projects designed especially for the purpose. The REU program is a major contributor to the NSF's goal of developing a diverse, internationally competitive, and globally-engaged science and engineering workforce. The Social, Behavioral and Economic (SBE) sciences Directorate awarded this REU Site grant to the University of California-Los Angeles in order to enhance undergraduate experience in scientific methods and analyses in a long-term research project at the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Ifugao, Philippines. Students in this REU program are actively involved in investigating highland economic and political responses to the arrival of the Spanish in the northern Philippines. As an REU Site, the project recruits junior- and senior-level undergraduates from a wide-range of backgrounds, home institutions, ages, gender, and ethnicity, with emphasis on under-represented and female students. The PI-team strives to focus the recruitment on minority-serving institutions, including community colleges, by utilizing the institutional connections of the UCLA Academic Advancement Program-Center for Community College Partnerships. Students participating in the project are actively involved in the research design, data collection, and laboratory analysis of archaeologically retrieved materials. Students receive intensive training in archaeological field methods, faunal and botanical analyses, human osteology, and, artifact identification and cataloguing. Through the collaboration between UCLA (lead institution), University of Washington, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Philippines, the National Museum of the Philippines, and the Save the Ifugao Terraces Movement, Inc., students in this REU Site program receive intensive mentorship during and after the program.Although the Spanish failed to colonize the northern Philippine highlands, preliminary analysis of the archaeological record from Ifugao suggests drastic landscape and social transformations ensued after c. AD 1600. To determine the impacts of Spanish colonialism in highland Philippines, this research program conducts subsurface excavations, spatial modeling, and analyses of faunal and paleobotanical samples, artifacts, and human osteolical remains. The research program investigates the political and economic impacts of Spanish colonialism in highland Philippines, particularly, in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Ifugao, Philippines, where the most extensive rice terraces in the world are located. Previous models suggest that the rice terraces are at least 2,000 years old. Recent archaeological information, however, indicates that the agricultural marvels were constructed after the arrival of the Spanish in the northern Philippines at c. AD 1600. In addition, rapid social and environmental change occurred in the region shortly after AD 1600. This research provides another perspective to our understanding of Spanish colonialism, which has largely focused on the Americas. The Ifugao rice terraces are rapidly deteriorating and the Ifugao people are losing both their tangible and intangible heritage to changes brought about by economic and political transformations. The rice terraces are examples of landesque and the assimilation of Ifugao social organization to that of the state together with the low status given to farmers and the rapid disappearance of traditional knowledge could further spell degradation of the terraces. One of the overarching goals of this study is to contribute to heritage conservation programs in Ifugao, in both tangible and intangible heritage. As such, this REU Site engages the community by promoting direct and active participation of descendant communities. The project also helps with the establishment of a community museum and on-site museum to complement the development of indigenous culture and history curriculum. In addition, this program aims to encourage undergraduate students to pursue STEM-related and anthropology graduate studies. The NSF International Science and Engineering (ISE) program co-funds this REU Site project.