SBP: Broadening Participation of STEM Faculty Through Work Design

非技术性的意义和重要性的描述工作设计在个人体验工作的方式中起着核心作用。工作的结构特征，如社会支持，决策自主权和感知的重要性与工作满意度和保留等结果呈正相关。然而，工作特点的影响因性别而异，即使男女担任同一职位。教师工作的时间分配也存在明显差异：男性比女性花更多的时间从事研究，女性花更多的时间进行指导和服务。性别模式在STEM教师中尤为明显。虽然这种差异已经得到了很好的证明，但我们对男性和女性教师的工作经历为何会出现分歧却知之甚少。拟议的项目使用工作设计理论作为一个透镜，用于调查男性和女性STEM教师的工作经验和工作成果的变化，为帮助和阻碍STEM职业中代表性不足的群体的结构性障碍提供新的见解。工作计划包括三波纵向小组设计调查、为期10天的日常经验抽样方法研究、一系列焦点小组访谈以及对晋升和任期档案的档案审查。缺乏女性榜样阻碍了女性参与STEM职业;因此，在男性主导的STEM领域增加女性教师的数量是扩大女性参与STEM的关键。从理论上推导出的建议的关系集的结果将阐明自上而下和自下而上的过程之间的复杂的相互作用，有助于个人和组织的目标之间的一致性，并可以导致有效的方案和组织内的干预措施的设计。预期成果包括对女性STEM教师的日常工作经验以及这些经验与男性同行的不同之处有更细致的了解。预计研究结果还将揭示微观层面的过程，抑制女性教师的成功发展和保留。这项拟议中的研究将几个科学领域的不同专业知识结合起来，努力将多学科的视角应用于研究问题。调查结果将用于帮助提供信息和激励组织改变工作设计流程的方式，以促进STEM领域女性的职业发展。资金将用于支持一名博士研究生。博士生将获得研究项目管理经验，并参与与研究相关的产品（例如，出版物（Publications）。拟议的项目还将为本科生提供研究经验，他们将由博士研究助理监督。这些经历有助于培养具有科学素养的劳动力，因为参加研究的本科生报告说，他们在认知方面有所收获，例如对自己从事科学的能力增加了信心，学会了“像科学家一样思考和工作”。“发展活动和经验将包括实验室会议和部门介绍，学术文章讨论，并书面发展计划。

Nontechnical Description of Significance and ImportanceWork design plays a central role in the way individuals experience work. Structural characteristics of jobs such as social support, decision-making autonomy, and perceived significance are positively associated with outcomes such as job satisfaction and retention. However, effects of characteristics of jobs vary across gender, even when males and females occupy the same position. Differences are also evident in time allocation on faculty jobs: males spend more time engaged in research than females, who put more time into mentoring and service. Gendered patterns are especially pronounced among STEM faculty. While such differences have been well documented, we have little understanding why the work experiences of male and female faculty diverge. The proposed project uses work design theory as a lens for investigating the variability in work experiences and job outcomes across male and female STEM faculty, providing new insight into structural barriers that help and hinder underrepresented groups in STEM careers. The plan of work includes a three-wave longitudinal panel design survey, a 10-day daily experience sampling method study, a series of focus group interviews, and an archival review of promotion and tenure files. Technical DescriptionLack of female role models discourages female participation in STEM careers; thus, increasing the number of female faculty in male dominated STEM fields is key to broadening participation of women in STEM. Findings from the theoretically derived proposed set of relationships will elucidate the complex interplay between top down and bottom up processes within organizations that contribute to alignment between individual and organizational goals and that can lead to the design of effective programs and interventions within organizations. Expected outcomes include a more nuanced understanding of the daily work experiences of female STEM faculty and how those experiences differ from their male counterparts. It is also expected that the findings will reveal micro level processes that inhibit the successful progression and retention of female faculty. This proposed research unites diverse expertise across several fields of science in effort to apply a multidisciplinary perspective to the research questions. The findings will be used to help inform and stimulate ways in which organizations can alter work design processes, in an effort to advance the careers of women in STEM. Funding will be used to support a doctoral student researcher. The doctoral student will gain research project management experience and be involved in products associated with the research (e.g., conference presentations; publications). The proposed project will also provide research experiences for undergraduates who will be supervised by the doctoral research assistant. Such experiences contribute to the development of a scientifically literate workforce in that undergraduates who participate in research have reported cognitive gains such as increased confidence in their ability to do science and learning to "think and work like a scientist." Developmental activities and experiences will include lab meeting and departmental presentations, scholarly article discussions, and written developmental plans.