RAPID: Collaborative Research: Adjustment and Effectiveness of Rapid Transition to Remote Work

2019冠状病毒病大流行迫使该国大部分劳动力采取远程工作安排。由于需要保持社交距离，通过有效的远程工作安排继续履行基本业务职能的能力是应对全球卫生危机的关键手段。然而，许多组织还没有准备好容纳远程员工，同样缺乏对如何在这种安排下促进员工持续生产力和福祉的最佳实践的洞察力。虽然已有大量关于远程工作安排的研究，但仍有许多问题有待调查。本项目将通过研究若干组织、个人、技术和主管特征对远程工作者调整、幸福感和生产力的影响来解决这些差距。该项目的研究结果将提供基于证据的最佳做法，供许多大型和小型企业在未来的大流行病和其他极端事件期间使用，也可用于可能越来越需要支持远程工作的正常工作环境。2019冠状病毒病大流行突然推动了对大规模远程工作安排的需求，但我们缺乏关于如何使此类工作富有成效和可持续性的关键信息。该项目将从500名全职员工那里获取数据，这些员工在应对COVID-19期间远程工作，但以前没有这样做。该项目的第一阶段将收集一项基线调查，收集大流行病和远程工作过渡之前的特点和经验，以及对向远程工作进程调整的一般看法。第二阶段包括一个为期30天的经验抽样研究，每天在每个工作日结束时进行，以捕捉远程工作人员的日常经验、态度和表现。这种面板设计的好处是：1)提供了对多种动态变化如何影响结果的见解；2)增强生态效度；3)允许研究人员检查内部和人与人之间的过程；4)减少回顾性回忆偏差。该项目将与几个工作组织合作收集数据。第一阶段的数据将使用回归和优势分析进行分析；第二阶段的数据将使用多级建模进行分析，多级建模控制嵌套结构，调整标准误差以考虑到缺乏独立性。这些分析还控制了受试者之间的变量和以前的测量，同时也考虑了缺失的数据。该项目的研究结果将为涉及组织、个人、工作和技术对工人和工作成果的影响的组织理论提供信息。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced much of the country’s workforce into remote work arrangements. With the need for social distancing, the ability to continue essential business functions through effective remote work arrangements is a key means for addressing the global health crisis. However, many organizations are unprepared to accommodate a remote workforce and likewise lack insight into best practices as to how to promote continued productivity and well-being of the workforce in such arrangements. Although there is a large body of extant research on remote work arrangements, numerous questions remained under investigated. This project will address these gaps by studying the impact of several organizational, individual, technological, and supervisor characteristics on remote worker adjustment, well-being, and productivity. Findings from the project will provide evidence-based best practices that many large and small businesses can use both during future pandemics and other extreme events, but also going forward in normal work environments that may increasingly want to support remote work.The COVID-19 pandemic has suddenly promoted the need for remote work arrangements on a vast scale, but we lack key information regarding what makes such work productive and sustainable. This project will obtain data from 500 full-time employees who are working remotely during the response to COVID-19 but were not doing so previously. The first phase of the project will collect a baseline survey that captures characteristics and experiences prior to the pandemic and remote work transition and general perceptions of the adjustment to remote work process. Phase 2 involves a 30-day experience sampling study administered daily at the end of each workday that will capture day-to-day experiences, attitudes, and performance of remote workers. Benefits of this panel design are: 1) provides insights into how multiple dynamic changes influence outcomes; 2) enhances ecological validity; 3) allows researchers to examine both within- and between-person processes; and 4) reduces retrospective recall biases. The project will partner with several work organizations to collect the data. Data from Phase 1 will be analyzed using regression and dominance analysis; data from Phase 2 will be analyzed using multi-level modeling which controls for nested structures, adjusting standard errors to take into account the lack of independence. These analyses also control for between-subject variables and previous measurements while also accounting for missing data. Findings from the project will inform organizational theories involving the effects of organizations, individuals, work, and technology on workers and work outcomes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.