RAPID: Collaborative Research: Adjustment and Effectiveness of Rapid Transition to Remote Work

新冠肺炎疫情已迫使中国的大部分劳动力不得不远程办公。随着社会距离的需要，通过有效的远程工作安排继续履行基本业务职能的能力是解决全球健康危机的关键手段。然而，许多组织没有准备好容纳偏远的工作人员，同样缺乏对如何在这种安排中促进工作人员持续生产力和福祉的最佳做法的洞察力。虽然已有大量关于远程工作安排的研究，但仍有许多问题有待调查。本项目将通过研究几个组织、个人、技术和主管特征对远程员工适应、幸福感和工作效率的影响来解决这些差距。该项目的发现将提供循证的最佳实践，许多大小企业在未来的流行病和其他极端事件中都可以使用，而且在未来可能越来越希望支持远程工作的正常工作环境中也可以使用。新冠肺炎疫情突然促进了对大规模远程工作安排的需求，但我们缺乏关于是什么使此类工作高效和可持续的关键信息。该项目将获取500名全职员工的数据，这些员工在新冠肺炎回应期间正在远程工作，但之前没有这样做。该项目的第一阶段将收集一项基线调查，其中包括大流行病和远程工作过渡之前的特点和经验，以及对远程工作程序调整的总体看法。阶段2包括每天在每个工作日结束时进行为期30天的体验抽样研究，该研究将收集远程员工的日常体验、态度和表现。这种小组设计的好处是：1)提供对多种动态变化如何影响结果的洞察；2)增强生态有效性；3)允许研究人员检查人内和人与人之间的过程；以及4)减少回溯性回忆偏差。该项目将与几个工作组织合作收集数据。第一阶段的数据将使用回归和优势分析进行分析；第二阶段的数据将使用多层建模进行分析，该模型控制嵌套结构，调整标准误差以考虑缺乏独立性。这些分析还控制了受试者之间的变量和之前的测量，同时也考虑了缺失的数据。该项目的发现将为组织理论提供信息，涉及组织、个人、工作和技术对工人和工作成果的影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced much of the country’s workforce into remote work arrangements. With the need for social distancing, the ability to continue essential business functions through effective remote work arrangements is a key means for addressing the global health crisis. However, many organizations are unprepared to accommodate a remote workforce and likewise lack insight into best practices as to how to promote continued productivity and well-being of the workforce in such arrangements. Although there is a large body of extant research on remote work arrangements, numerous questions remained under investigated. This project will address these gaps by studying the impact of several organizational, individual, technological, and supervisor characteristics on remote worker adjustment, well-being, and productivity. Findings from the project will provide evidence-based best practices that many large and small businesses can use both during future pandemics and other extreme events, but also going forward in normal work environments that may increasingly want to support remote work.The COVID-19 pandemic has suddenly promoted the need for remote work arrangements on a vast scale, but we lack key information regarding what makes such work productive and sustainable. This project will obtain data from 500 full-time employees who are working remotely during the response to COVID-19 but were not doing so previously. The first phase of the project will collect a baseline survey that captures characteristics and experiences prior to the pandemic and remote work transition and general perceptions of the adjustment to remote work process. Phase 2 involves a 30-day experience sampling study administered daily at the end of each workday that will capture day-to-day experiences, attitudes, and performance of remote workers. Benefits of this panel design are: 1) provides insights into how multiple dynamic changes influence outcomes; 2) enhances ecological validity; 3) allows researchers to examine both within- and between-person processes; and 4) reduces retrospective recall biases. The project will partner with several work organizations to collect the data. Data from Phase 1 will be analyzed using regression and dominance analysis; data from Phase 2 will be analyzed using multi-level modeling which controls for nested structures, adjusting standard errors to take into account the lack of independence. These analyses also control for between-subject variables and previous measurements while also accounting for missing data. Findings from the project will inform organizational theories involving the effects of organizations, individuals, work, and technology on workers and work outcomes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.