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Comparative evolution of polar adaption in Antarctic Desmarestiales versus Arctic Laminariales (brown algae)

南极 Desmarestiales 与北极海带目（褐藻）极地适应的比较进化

基本信息

批准号：
219699803
负责人：
Dr. Sandra Heinrich
金额：
--
依托单位：
Biozentrum Klein Flottbek und Botanischer Garten
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Infrastructure Priority Programmes
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2011-12-31 至 2016-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/219699803?language=en
关键词：
Comparative evolution polar adaption Antarctic

项目摘要

Marine macroalgae are key organisms in polar coastal ecosystems. Despite their prime importance for ecosystem function, their molecular biology is still poorly understood. Brown macroalgae dominate rocky shores in both polar hemispheres and form huge kelp beds. Geographical as well as depth distribution of kelps is constrained by abiotic factors such as light and temperature. Therefore global environmental changes, e.g. global warming, have an impact on the performance and survival of kelp species. In the Arctic Laminariales evolved into the dominating taxon whereas in the Antarctic this role is taken by the Desmarestiales. Polar conditions were established first in the South (starting 14 mill. years ago), followed by the North (starting 2 mill. years ago); consequently Antarctic Desmarestiales are better adapted to cold conditions but at the same time less tolerant to higher temperatures than the Arctic Laminariales. We have recently established the first comprehensive molecular dataset for Arctic kelp, Saccharina latissima, and identified key genes for polar adaptation and acclimation strategies towards elevated temperatures and radiation. Here I suggest to generate a similar dataset for Antarctic Desmarestiaceae and to compare their adaptive potential and acclimation boundaries. The outcome of this project will be a detailed picture of polar adaptation and acclimation in polar kelps and will lead to a deeper understanding of acclimation potential and adaptive strategies of Antarctic and Arctic kelps.

海洋大型藻类是极地沿海生态系统中的关键生物。尽管它们对生态系统功能至关重要，但它们的分子生物学仍然知之甚少。棕色的大型海藻在两极半球的岩石海岸占主导地位，并形成巨大的海带床。海带的地理分布和深度分布受光、温等非生物因素的制约。因此，全球环境变化（例如全球变暖）对海带物种的性能和生存产生影响。在北极，海带目进化为主要的分类单元，而在南极，这一角色由Desmarestiales承担。极地条件首先建立在南方（开始14轧机。年前），其次是北方（开始2轧机。年前）;因此，南极的Desmarestiales比北极的Laminariales更好地适应寒冷的条件，但同时对更高温度的耐受性更差。我们最近建立了第一个全面的分子数据集，北极海带，latissima，并确定了关键基因的极地适应和驯化策略，对高温和辐射。在这里，我建议为南极Desmarestiaceae生成一个类似的数据集，并比较它们的适应潜力和驯化边界。该项目的成果将是极地海带的极地适应和驯化的详细描述，并将导致南极和北极海带的驯化潜力和适应策略的更深入的了解。