Collaborative Research: High Efficiency Tandem Perovskite-Copper Indium Selenide Solar Cell

合作研究：高效串联钙钛矿-铜铟硒太阳能电池

• 批准号: 1507351
• 负责人: William Shafarman
• 金额: $ 19万
• 依托单位: University of Delaware
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1507351&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Efficiency; Tandem; Perovskite

Abstract:Non-technical:Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion is an important technology for generating low-cost electricity to replace coal-generated power. It is also very important for providing electricity to half of the people in the world who currently lack grid-connected power. For economical generation of PV power, efficiency of solar cells is a very important consideration, since area-related costs such as encapsulation, wiring and structure decrease proportionately as the efficiency of the cell increases. A very recent development in this field has been the discovery that a new thin film material, hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide based perovskites, can be used to generate PV power with a conversion efficiency of ~20%. This new material has a larger bandgap than commonly used thin film materials such as copper-indium-gallium selenide (CIGS), and therefore, can be used as a higher bandgap first cell in a monolithic tandem solar cell arrangement with CIGS. Calculations predict that such a series-connected tandem cell structures can increase the efficiency of thin film CIGS solar cells to 30% from the current value of 20%, a 50% increase. This proposal is aimed towards fundamental material and device research to achieve such high efficiency tandem cell structures. It is hoped that such a structure will lead to further developments which result in a significant decrease in the cost of solar-electric power. A graduate student will participate in this project and new teaching materials will be incorporated into courses dealing with solar energy conversion.Technical:The proposal is focused on designing and fabricating a monolithic tandem cell structure with a high gap perovskite cell deposited on top of a high efficiency CIGS cell. The two cells are connected using novel tunnel junctions. Several new materials, processes and device structures need to be developed for the concept to work. Among these are:-A perovskite material with a bandgap in the 1.7-1.8 eV range as opposed to the current 1.57 eV material. The higher bandgap is needed to make efficient tandem cells with a CIGS bottom cell. We will develop efficient Pb(I-Br) perovskites to increase the bandgap.-A perovskite material which is physically stable at higher temperatures so that transparent contacts can be deposited on the device to allow light to be incident form the top of the cell. We will use novel organic precursors such as formamidinium iodide and urea hydroiodide to achieve thermally stable perovskites.-A new vacuum process for depositing perovskites at higher temperatures which avoids the instability of the solution growth process.-The use of inorganic heterojunction layers for electron and hole extraction , thus avoiding unstable organic heterojunction layers.-ITO/ZnO tunnel junctions to connect the two cells.-Innovative CIGS cells in1.1 to1.15 eV range with high efficiency achieved by using bandgap grading strategies along with larger grain growth and deliberate Na or K doping.The project includes comprehensive material and device analysis tasks so as to understand the physics of the device.

摘要：非技术性：太阳能光伏发电是以低成本发电取代燃煤发电的一项重要技术。它对于为目前世界上一半没有并网电力的人提供电力也是非常重要的。对于经济的光伏发电，太阳能电池的效率是一个非常重要的考虑因素，因为与面积相关的成本，如封装、布线和结构，随着电池效率的提高而成比例地降低。这一领域的最新进展是发现了一种新的薄膜材料-有机-无机金属卤化物基钙钛矿，可以用于光伏发电，转换效率约为20%。这种新材料比常用的薄膜材料如铜铟镓硒(CIGS)具有更大的带隙，因此可以用作具有CIGS的单片串联太阳电池中更高带隙的第一电池。计算预测，这种串联串联电池结构可以将薄膜CIGS太阳能电池的效率从目前的20%提高到30%，提高50%。这项建议旨在进行基础材料和器件研究，以实现这种高效的串联电池结构。人们希望这种结构将导致进一步的发展，从而大大降低太阳能发电的成本。一名研究生将参与这个项目，新的教材将被纳入到有关太阳能转换的课程中。技术：该提案的重点是设计和制造一种单片串联电池结构，在高效CIGS电池的顶部沉积一个高间隙钙钛矿电池。这两个电池使用新的隧道结连接。要使这一概念发挥作用，需要开发几种新的材料、工艺和装置结构。其中包括：-一种带隙在1.7-1.8 eV范围内的钙钛矿型材料，而不是目前的1.57 eV材料。需要较高的带隙来制造具有CIGS底单元的高效串联单元。我们将开发高效的铅(i-bR)钙钛矿材料来增加带隙。-一种在较高温度下物理稳定的钙钛矿材料，因此可以在器件上沉积透明触点，允许光线从电池顶部入射。我们将使用新的有机前驱体，如甲酰胺碘化物和尿素氢化物来获得热稳定的钙钛矿。-一种在更高的温度下沉积钙钛矿的新真空工艺，避免了溶液生长过程的不稳定性。-使用无机异质结层来提取电子和空穴，从而避免不稳定的有机异质结层。-ITO/ZnO隧道结连接两个电池。-通过使用带隙分级策略以及更大的颗粒生长和刻意的Na或K掺杂，实现了1.1到1.15 eV范围内的创新CIGS电池。该项目包括全面的材料和器件分析任务，以了解器件的物理。