UNS: Organohalide Respiration: Improving our Understanding for Predictable Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation

UNS：有机卤化物呼吸：提高我们对可预测生物刺激和生物强化的理解

• 批准号: 1510131
• 负责人: Paige Novak
• 金额: $ 13.99万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-15 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1510131&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: UNS; Organohalide; Respiration; Improving; our

1510131Novak, Paige J.Title: Organohalide Respiration: Improving our Understanding for Predictable Biostimulation and BioaugmentationOver the next 30 years, the EPA has estimated that it will cost $250 billion to remediate approximately 350,000 contaminated sites in the US, many of which are contaminated with chlorinated pollutants. In contaminated environments bacteria of a specific kind have been identified that treat chlorinated pollutants, producing less- or non-toxic compounds as products. This proposed project will examine the various aspects of these bacteria to effectively treat these compounds in the ground, therefore lowering the cost of treatment.In this project, laboratory-based experiments will be performed to determine, (1) how the organohalide respiring community and genes that code for the dechlorinating activity (rdh genes) change when enriched with chlorinated natural organic matter, (2) how the concentration of chloride, chlorinated natural organic matter, or chlorinated pollutants affect the numbers of organohalide respiring organisms present and the degradation rate of chlorinated natural organic matter, and finally, (3) the effectiveness of chlorinated natural organic matter as a primer for the degradation of chlorinated pollutants. This research will further understanding of organohalide respiration by investigating the rdh genes present during the dechlorination of chlorinated natural organic matter. In addition, by determining whether or not chlorinated natural organic matter can be co-degraded with a chlorinated pollutant (a polychlorinated biphenyl congener) and which rdh genes are present when this occurs, the relationship between the respiration of natural compounds versus pollutants will be established. This research has critical implications for the remediation field, ecology, and geochemical cycling by (1)providing the discovery of a pathway for the cycling of natural organic chlorine, (2) opening an avenue for further research on the evolution and regulation of rdhs, (3) pointing to a source of organisms for bioaugmentation, and a source of natural compounds for biostimulation, and (4) facilitating the development of a tool to determine the organohalide respiration potential of a soil via the mapping of the rdh genes present. The students involved in this project will be trained in a variety of laboratory methods, and the experimental and critical thinking skills developed during this study will complement their current curriculum and future careers as engineers/scientists.

1510131诺瓦克，佩奇J.标题：有机卤化物呼吸：提高我们对可预测的生物刺激和生物扩增的理解在未来30年内，美国环保署估计将花费2500亿美元修复美国约35万个受污染的场地，其中许多受到氯化污染物的污染。在受污染的环境中，已经确定了一种特殊的细菌，可以处理氯化污染物，产生毒性较小或无毒的化合物。本项目将研究这些细菌的各个方面，以有效地处理地下的这些化合物，从而降低处理成本。在本项目中，将进行实验室实验，以确定：（1）有机卤化物呼吸群落和编码脱氯活性的基因（RDH基因）在富含氯化天然有机物时发生变化，（2）氯化物，氯化天然有机物，或氯化污染物影响存在的有机卤化物呼吸生物的数量和氯化天然有机物的降解速率，最后，（3）氯化天然有机物作为降解氯化污染物的引物的有效性。本研究将借由探讨含氯天然有机物脱氯过程中存在的rdh基因，进一步了解有机卤化物呼吸作用。此外，通过确定氯化天然有机物是否可以与氯化污染物（多氯联苯同类物）共同降解以及当这种情况发生时存在哪些rdh基因，将建立天然化合物与污染物的呼吸作用之间的关系。本研究对修复领域、生态学和地球化学循环具有重要意义：（1）发现了天然有机氯的循环途径，（2）为进一步研究rdhs的进化和调控开辟了途径，（3）指出了生物强化的生物来源和生物刺激的天然化合物来源，以及（4）促进开发通过存在的RDH基因的作图来确定土壤的有机卤化物呼吸潜力的工具。参与该项目的学生将接受各种实验室方法的培训，在本研究期间开发的实验和批判性思维技能将补充他们目前的课程和未来的工程师/科学家职业生涯。