Collaborative Research: Tectonic and climatic forcing of hydrological systems in the southern Great Basin: Implications for ancient and future aquatic system resilience

合作研究：大盆地南部水文系统的构造和气候强迫：对古代和未来水生系统恢复能力的影响

• 批准号: 1516679
• 负责人: Brian Hedlund
• 金额: $ 23.8万
• 依托单位: University of Nevada Las Vegas
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1516679&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Tectonic; climatic; forcing

The southern Great Basin is among the most arid regions in North America. It has almost noperennial streams, but does have 1,000 springs. These springs are islands of aquatic habitatin an ocean of desert. Remarkably, many of these isolated springs contain diverse aquaticecosystems and even endemic species of fish, spring snails, and other aquatic organisms. Thepresence of many aquatic species that can only survive in water is evidence that the springsare remnants of a perennial drainage system, and the presence of endemic species requiringintervals in the million-year range for genetic divergence are evidence that at least someof these springs have never desiccated over the geological time scale. Aquatic biogeographicalpatterns thus inform the geological and hydrological history of the region.This is a project to expand the already-large regional biogeographical database and to use the combinednew and preexisting data to test models of tectonic and paleohydrological evolution of thesouthern Great Basin. The PIs will focus on two timescales: that of the extensional breakup ofthe region from the late Miocene to the present and that of glacial/interglacial climate cycles.Extensive work has been done to understand the extensional history of the region, which startedin the eastern portion of the study area at ~14 Ma and migrated westward to the Sierra Nevadafront, driven by plate-boundary dynamics. They will simulate this evolution using a regionalquasi-3D kinematic/tectonic-geomorphic-hydrologic coupled model that fully couples movementalong faults, mass distribution, magmatism, isostatic compensation and flexural deformationwith hydrology and surface geomorphic processes, including erosion and deposition. The extensionalfragmentation of the hydrological system will be studied and groundwater flow, necessary tosimulate the resulting development of springs, will be an integral part of the regional tectonic-geomorphic-hydrologic model..Modeled paleohydrologic histories will be tested against biotic data (aquatic biota inventories,microbial and macrofaunal DNA, and genetic divergence times) with island biogeography theory.The PIs will test for relations of hydrologic fragmentation chronology with endemic species andfor ecosystem diversity with spring resilience, as inferred from groundwater ages and climaticallydriven modeling. They will use these results to assess and improve their tectonic/paleohydrologic models.

南部大盆地是北美最干旱的地区之一。它几乎没有非年期的流，但确实有1,000个弹簧。这些弹簧是水生栖息地的岛屿，是沙漠的海洋。值得注意的是，这些孤立的弹簧中有许多都包含多种水生生物系统，甚至包含鱼类，春蜗牛和其他水生生物的特有物种。许多只能在水中生存的水生物种的特征是证据表明多年生引流系统的泉水残留物，以及需要在百万年度范围内以遗传差异的特有物种的存在证据表明，至少有些弹簧从来没有在地质时间范围内进行均匀。因此，水生生物地理标本为该地区的地质和水文历史提供了信息。这是一个扩大已经很大的区域生物地理数据库的项目，并将合并的新闻和先前存在的数据用于测试Tectonic and Preate-Price-droginalogical Evolution of TheSouthern Greatern Greaters伟大的Basin。 The PIs will focus on two timescales: that of the extensional breakup ofthe region from the late Miocene to the present and that of glacial/interglacial climate cycles.Extensive work has been done to understand the extensional history of the region, which startedin the eastern portion of the study area at ~14 Ma and migrated westward to the Sierra Nevadafront, driven by plate-boundary dynamics.他们将使用Reginionalquasi-3D运动学/构造地球形态杂质耦合模型来模拟这一进化，该模型完全耦合了运动的故障，质量分布，岩浆，等静脉补偿，等弯曲和弯曲变形，并在水文和表面地质过程中，包括侵蚀和沉积。将研究水文系统的扩展倒流，必要的地下水流量将成为弹簧的开发，将是区域构造 - 地球形态 - 形态 - 造型模型的组成部分。模型的古水力学历史学将与生物学数据（Aquical Biota Inventirories and Michobial and Michobial and Microbair dna and Microbair dna and Microfental dna dna dna”测试生物地理学理论。PIS将测试水文碎片年代与特有物种的关系以及春季弹性的生态系统多样性的关系，这是从地下水时代和气候驱动的建模所推断的。他们将使用这些结果来评估和改善其构造/古水学模型。