权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

RAPID: Collaborative Research: surviving climate change - the role of acclimatization in reef-building corals

RAPID：合作研究：应对气候变化——适应环境对造礁珊瑚的作用

基本信息

批准号：
1516763
负责人：
Iliana Baums
金额：
$ 13.88万
依托单位：
Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-01-15 至 2016-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1516763&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
RAPID Collaborative Research surviving climate

项目摘要

August of 2014 was the warmest on record for the Florida Keys reef tract and by early September numerous corals species were severely stressed and looked bleached. This ongoing large-scale bleaching event provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand if prior stress exposure hardens individual coral colonies to future hot water events -- a process called acclimatization. This study combines long-term monitoring data of individual coral colonies with a stress experiment in the summer of 2015 to determine whether partially bleached colonies have acclimatized, to what extent, and by what means. The answers may fundamentally shape our understanding of how reefs might survive climate change. This is important because tropical coral reefs harbor more species then tropical rainforests and generate billions of dollars each year for local and national economies. The focal species of this project is the endangered elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata and results of the work can be used directly by managers when choosing coral colonies for conservation. The project will educate and train the public and public institutions on numerous levels. The scientists have partnered with the Coral Restoration Foundation, a non-for profit organization that delivers scientific knowledge and hands on experience in coral restoration to over 300 high school students per year. Postdoctoral scholars, and students are an integral part of this project and will receive training in field and laboratory work and lecture courses.Acclimatization is a non-genetic process by which an individual heightens its tolerance after exposure to a stressor, such as temperature anomalies. Recent work has shown that acclimatization may be an important process by which corals may survive climate change. However, because reef-building corals harbor endosymbiotic Symbiodinium, discerning the relative contribution of host and symbiont to acclimatization can be difficult. The endangered Caribbean elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, has an uncomplicated symbiosis: it associates with just one symbiont species (Symbiodinium fitti) and most colonies also harbor only one strain of S. fitti over space and time. August of 2014 was the warmest on record for the Florida Keys reef tract and by early September numerous corals species were severely stressed and looked bleached. This event provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the role of acclimatization in reef corals. Initial surveys of A. palmata documented a range of bleaching response. This response varied between reefs but also within single, monoclonal stands of A. palmata. Thus, coral clone mates were observed to exhibit different bleaching susceptibilities despite indications that they share identical (clonal) symbiont communities, begging the question as to what mechanisms account for such differences. The answers may fundamentally shape our understanding of how reefs might survive climate change. Immediate support is requested to sample coral colonies while they are still bleached and for which long term performance histories exist. Results from this initial assessment are essential to inform the centerpiece of the proposal: a stress experiment to determine whether partially bleached colonies have acclimatized, to what extent, and by what means.

2014年8月是佛罗里达礁岛群有记录以来最热的一年，到9月初，许多珊瑚物种都受到了严重的压力，看起来已经白化了。这种正在进行的大规模漂白事件提供了一个前所未有的机会，可以了解先前的压力暴露是否会使单个珊瑚群落对未来的热水事件变硬——这一过程称为适应。本研究将单个珊瑚群落的长期监测数据与2015年夏季的压力实验相结合，以确定部分漂白的珊瑚群落是否已经适应，适应到什么程度，以及通过什么方式适应。答案可能会从根本上塑造我们对珊瑚礁如何在气候变化中生存的理解。这一点很重要，因为热带珊瑚礁比热带雨林拥有更多的物种，每年为当地和国家经济创造数十亿美元的收入。这个项目的重点物种是濒临灭绝的鹿角珊瑚（Acropora palmata），研究结果可以直接用于管理者选择珊瑚群落的保护。该项目将在多个层面对公众和公共机构进行教育和培训。科学家们与珊瑚恢复基金会合作，这是一个非营利性组织，每年向300多名高中生传授珊瑚恢复的科学知识和实践经验。博士后学者和学生是这个项目的组成部分，他们将接受实地和实验室工作的培训，并参加讲座课程。适应性是一个非遗传过程，个体在暴露于压力源（如温度异常）后提高其耐受性。最近的研究表明，适应环境可能是珊瑚在气候变化中生存的一个重要过程。然而，由于造礁珊瑚有内共生共生，辨别宿主和共生体对适应的相对贡献可能是困难的。濒临灭绝的加勒比鹿角珊瑚（Acropora palmata）的共生关系并不复杂：它只与一种共生体物种（菲氏共生菌）有联系，而且大多数群落在时空上也只容纳一种菲氏共生菌。2014年8月是佛罗里达礁岛群有记录以来最热的一年，到9月初，许多珊瑚物种都受到了严重的压力，看起来已经白化了。这一事件提供了一个前所未有的机会来了解珊瑚礁珊瑚适应环境的作用。对棕榈杉的初步调查记录了一系列漂白反应。这种反应在不同的礁群之间不同，在单、单克隆林分内也不同。因此，尽管有迹象表明它们具有相同的（克隆）共生体群落，但观察到珊瑚克隆配偶表现出不同的漂白敏感性，这就提出了一个问题，即是什么机制解释了这种差异。答案可能会从根本上塑造我们对珊瑚礁如何在气候变化中生存的理解。在珊瑚群落仍处于白化状态和存在长期表现历史时，要求立即提供支持。这个初步评估的结果对于告知提案的核心是至关重要的：一个压力实验，以确定部分漂白的殖民地是否已经适应，适应到什么程度，以及通过什么方式。