CNH-S: The New 100th Meridian: Urban Water Resiliency in a Climatic and Demographic Hot Spot

CNH-S：新的第 100 条子午线：气候和人口热点地区的城市水弹性

• 批准号: 1518541
• 负责人: Jay Banner
• 金额: $ 49.99万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-15 至 2021-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1518541&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; New; 100th; Meridian; Urban

John Wesley Powell, famed American explorer and first U.S. Geological Survey director, popularized the 100th Meridian as the climatic boundary between the humid east and the semi-arid west - the geographic origin of the western United States. There is good agreement among climate models indicating a warmer and probable drier future for central Texas. As such, the transitional boundary between the humid east and semiarid west is shifting eastward from the 100th Meridian. The major cities of San Antonio, Austin, Dallas, Fort Worth, and the Rio Grande Valley are located just east of the 100th Meridian, and rank among the fastest growing regions in the U.S. The state is projected to double in population by the year 2065. The central Texas corridor's position near the climatic boundary makes it particularly sensitive to changes in temperature and precipitation. Couple climate change with rapid population and economic growth, and man-made forces become an important driver of future water scarcity in times of drought. It is because of these twin drivers of climate change and population/economic growth that the central Texas corridor can be viewed as a sentinel community; that is, the changes that are currently underway in the region may predict trends for other parts of the U.S. Thus, research will be conducted on climate, population, urbanization and water resources in this region, as it is a valuable proving ground for new techniques and strategies to address water scarcity.The research comprises: 1) Identifying the Grand Challenges for understanding Texas water resiliency; 2) comparison of 21st century climate model projections at high spatial resolution and improving our understanding of the mechanisms that drive drought in Texas; 3) development of scenarios of demographic changes and regional development for the 21st century in Texas; and 4) integration of the above into a regional evaluation of future water resiliency for the state. New research activities will bring together researchers from complementary disciplines to initiate collaborations and synthesize research activities. The overarching goal of this research is to build knowledge regarding the factors that will impact future water resiliency in the rapidly changing human and natural systems of Texas, which will have applicability to other regions for which significant population growth and changing water availability are projected.

约翰·韦斯利·鲍威尔（John Wesley Powell）是美国探险家，第一届美国地质调查局局长，将第100个子午线推广为潮湿的东部和半干旱西部之间的气候边界 - 美国西部的地理起源。气候模型之间有很好的一致性，表明德克萨斯州中部地区的干燥未来更加干燥。因此，潮湿的东部和半干旱西部之间的过渡边界正在从第100子午线向东转移。圣安东尼奥，奥斯汀，达拉斯，沃思堡和里奥格兰德山谷的主要城市位于第100子午线的东部，在美国增长最快的地区中，该州预计到2065年，州人口将增加一倍。夫妇的气候变化与人口迅速和经济增长，人造力量成为干旱时期未来水短缺的重要驱动力。正是由于这些气候变化和人口/经济增长的双胞胎驱动因素，德克萨斯州中部走廊可以被视为哨兵社区。也就是说，该地区目前正在进行的变化可能会预测美国其他地区的趋势，因此，该地区的气候，人口，城市化和水资源将进行研究，因为这是解决水稀缺性的新技术和策略的宝贵宣传基础。 2）比较高空间分辨率以21世纪气候模型预测的比较，并提高了我们对驱动德克萨斯州干旱机制的理解； 3）发展得克萨斯州21世纪人口变化和区域发展的情况； 4）将上述整合到对国家未来水弹性的区域评估中。新的研究活动将使研究人员从互补学科的研究中召集起来，以启动合作并综合研究活动。这项研究的总体目标是建立有关将影响得克萨斯州迅速变化的人类和自然系统的未来水弹性因素的知识，这些因素将适用于预计大量人口增长和不断变化的水的其他地区。