Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Social Determinants of Distress, Burnout, and Program Attrition Among Students of Color on the Premedical Track

博士论文研究：医学预科有色人种学生的痛苦、倦怠和项目减员的社会决定因素

• 批准号: 1519056
• 负责人: Bernice Pescosolido
• 金额: $ 1万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-06-01 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1519056&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Social; Determinants

Although Hispanics and Blacks make up 17% and 13% of the U.S. population, members of these groups comprised only 9% and 7% of medical school enrollees in 2013, respectively. While a portion of this trend can be attributed to recent declines in affirmative action programs across a number of states, it has also been suggested that the potential pool of minority applicants is diminished due to academic and interpersonal experiences on college campuses that ultimately discourage these students from pursuing careers in medicine. This study interrogates how cumulative changes in social resources (social support, social networks, and network-related material resources) at both the interpersonal and institutional level influence students' experiences of psychological distress and burnout, and contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in premedical attrition. Existing research on the trajectories of premedical students of color has relied on cross-sectional survey data and institutional records limited to cursory information on students' sociodemographic characteristics, SAT scores, and grades in required coursework. Despite the utility of this information for examining academic trajectories, these data are insufficient for understanding how interpersonal and social structural factors contribute to leaks in the premedical pipeline. In order to identify where this drop off occurs and why it happens, the proposed research addresses previous methodological constraints by employing a longitudinal survey design, in tandem with in-depth interviews, to create a fuller understanding of the dynamic and complex social processes that shape premedical retention. This research holds the promise of addressing inequities in educational opportunities that pose serious consequences for projected healthcare shortages in the United States. Given the consistent finding that underrepresented minority group members who go on to medical school are significantly more likely than their peers to practice in underserved inner-city areas, these educational disparities have direct consequences for projected shortages in medical care.

虽然西班牙裔和黑人分别占美国人口的17%和13%，但2013年这些群体的成员分别仅占医学院入学人数的9%和7%。虽然这一趋势的一部分可以归因于最近在一些州的平权行动计划的下降，但也有人认为，由于大学校园的学术和人际交往经历，少数民族申请人的潜在群体减少了，最终阻止这些学生追求医学事业。本研究探讨社会资源（社会支持，社交网络和网络相关的物质资源）在人际和制度层面的累积变化如何影响学生的心理困扰和倦怠的经验，并有助于种族和民族差异的医疗前损耗。 现有的研究对有色人种的医学预科学生的轨迹依赖于横截面调查数据和机构记录，仅限于粗略的信息，学生的社会人口特征，SAT成绩，并在所需的课程成绩。尽管这些信息用于检查学术轨迹，但这些数据不足以了解人际和社会结构因素如何导致医疗前管道泄漏。为了确定这种下降发生在哪里以及为什么会发生，拟议的研究通过采用纵向调查设计解决了以前的方法学限制，与深入访谈相结合，以更全面地了解塑造医疗前保留的动态和复杂的社会过程。这项研究有望解决教育机会不平等问题，这些问题对美国预计的医疗保健短缺造成严重后果。鉴于一致的发现，即代表性不足的少数群体成员谁去医学院比他们的同龄人更有可能在服务不足的内城地区执业，这些教育差距有直接的后果，预计在医疗保健短缺。