Doctoral Dissertation Research: Community Organization After Major Disasters

当代对重大灾害的深远影响的研究表明，除了造成相当大的物质损失外，灾害也是影响社区如何理解其作为受害者、公民和活动家的社会角色的重要时刻。在这种情况下，抗议和其他形式的集体行动是灾害造成更大社会后果的最明显证据。本项目以2011年3月11日发生的福岛核事故为例，探讨重大灾害对社会运动实践的影响。2011年3月11日，9.0级地震引发了毁灭性的海啸，导致福岛第一核电站多个反应堆熔毁。我们的项目是研究日本的反核和反种族主义社会运动，以及2011年灾难如何塑造这些社区组织如何理解和应对人权，公民身份和种族不平等的关键问题。特别是，该项目研究了自2011年以来反核抗议活动的复兴如何为最近反种族主义活动的增长奠定了基础，这在一定程度上是为了应对日本日益增长的反韩国和反外国人仇恨言论的趋势。通过参与者观察、访谈和社交媒体数据分析，本项目旨在更好地了解重大灾害后社区组织如何在面对长期存在的社会不平等和歧视结构的同时应对更高的政治风险。本研究采用民族志、访谈、和社交媒体内容分析，以研究反核和反种族主义社会运动网络如何积极协商灾后日本“公民身份”的文化意义。我们的分析依赖于东京（2014年6月至2014年7月; 2015年8月至2016年7月）和大坂（2014年9月至2015年3月）共计20个月的民族志研究，以及社交媒体内容分析。我们选择东京和大坂作为实地考察地点的原因如下：1）它们是日本最大的城市地区，2）它们是反核和反种族主义活动的最大场所，3）共同主要研究者已经建立了研究联系和机构联系。东京的反核和反种族主义社会运动具有全国影响力，由密集而复杂的网络组成。这项研究的结果将有助于在重大灾害后就社会不平等和种族歧视问题开展人权政策辩论。

Contemporary research on the profound impacts of major disasters has demonstrated that, in addition to creating sizable material damage, disasters are influential moments that shape how communities understand their social roles as victims, citizens, and activists. Within this context, protests and other forms of collective action are among the most visible evidence of the larger social consequences of disasters. This project investigates how major disasters influence the practices of social movements, focusing on the case of the Fukushima nuclear disaster, which began on March 11, 2011 when a 9.0 earthquake triggered a devastating tsunami and multiple reactor meltdowns at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Our project is a study of anti-nuclear and anti-racism social movements in Japan and the ways that the 2011 disaster has shaped how these community organizations understand and respond to the key issues of human rights, citizenship, and racial inequality. In particular, this project examines how the revival of anti-nuclear protests since 2011 has laid the groundwork for the recent growth of anti-racism activism, which has emerged in part as a response to an increasing trend of anti-Korean and anti-foreigner hate speech in Japan. Using participant observations, interviews, and social media data analysis, this project seeks to better understand how communities organizing after major disasters navigate heightened political stakes while confronting longstanding structures of social inequality and discrimination.This study employs a mixed methodology of ethnography, interviews, and social media content analysis to examine how anti-nuclear and anti-racism social movement networks actively negotiate cultural meanings around "citizenship" in post-disaster Japan. Our analysis relies on a total of twenty months of ethnographic research in Tokyo (June 2014 to July 2014; August 2015 to July 2016) and Osaka (September 2014 to March 2015), as well as social media content analysis. We have selected Tokyo and Osaka as field sites for the following reasons: 1) they comprise the largest urban areas in Japan, 2) they are the largest sites for anti-nuclear and antiracism activities, and 3) the co-PI has already established research contacts and institutional affiliations. Anti-nuclear and anti-racism social movements in Tokyo have national influence and are comprised of dense and complex networks. Findings from this study will contribute to human rights policy debates on the issues of social inequality and racial discrimination following major disasters.