Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure: Experimental Facility with Large, High Performance, Outdoor Shake Table

自然灾害工程研究基础设施(NHERI)将得到国家科学基金会(NSF)的支持，这是一个分布式、多用户的国家设施，将为自然灾害研究界提供访问研究基础设施的机会，其中将包括地震和风力工程实验设施、网络基础设施、计算建模和模拟工具、研究数据以及教育和社区推广活动。NHERI将由网络协调办公室、网络基础设施、计算建模和仿真中心以及实验设施(包括灾后快速反应研究设施)的单独奖项组成。授予NHERI的奖项将有助于NSF在国家减少地震灾害计划(NEHRP)和国家减少风暴影响计划中发挥的作用。NHERI继续强调NSF对地震工程研究基础设施的重视，这些基础设施以前是由小乔治·E·布朗资助的。地震工程模拟网络作为NEHRP的一部分，但现在扩大了支持范围，包括风能工程研究基础设施。NHERI的广泛目标是支持将提高民用基础设施(如建筑物和其他结构、地下结构、堤坝和关键生命线)抵御地震和风暴自然灾害的弹性和可持续性的研究，以减少生命损失、破坏和经济损失。有关NHERI资源的信息将在DesignSafe-ci.org门户网站上提供。NHERI实验设施将为NSF支持的研究和教育奖项提供对其实验资源、用户服务和数据管理基础设施的访问。该奖项将为位于加州大学圣地亚哥分校的NHERI实验设施提供大型、高性能的室外振动台(LHPOST)，以支持结构和岩土地震工程的研究。地震在人员伤亡、财产和基础设施破坏以及经济损失方面对社会造成了相当大的破坏性影响。建立一个多危害、抗灾和可持续的环境需要了解和能够更可靠地预测建筑、关键设施、生命线和其他民用基础设施系统对这些极端事件的系统级响应。这一设施将使在极端地震载荷下进行测试的大型或全尺寸结构、土工和土壤-基础-结构系统的研究能够产生对改进预测抗震性能工具至关重要的实验数据。在这个设施中进行的研究实验将提供结构、岩土和土-基础-结构系统在地震灾害下的性能的实物大小调查，也将教育本科生、研究生和K-12学生以及普通公众关于自然灾害以及国家需要开发有效的技术和政策以防止这些自然灾害事件成为社会灾难的知识。该设施将为潜在用户举办年度研讨会，并将为本科生提供研究体验。LHPOST采用长12.2米、宽7.6米的钢制平台，具有允许准确再现近场和远场地震地面运动的性能特征。该设施将支持在接近真实世界的条件下，对大型结构、非结构、岩土和土工系统以及土壤-基础-结构系统进行地震测试，重量最高可达20兆牛顿。两个大型土箱可与振动台一起用于研究土-基础-结构体系的地震反应。软件和硬件可用于支持结构和土-基础-结构体系的混合振动台试验。在该设施测试的系统可以利用广泛的数据采集和仪器功能，包括广泛的最先进和先进的模拟传感器和高清晰度摄像机，以支持通过数百个数据通道对系统响应进行详细监控。使用该设施执行的具有里程碑意义的系统级测试将提供基础知识和数据，以支持结构、岩土和土壤-基础-结构系统的高保真、基于物理的计算模型的开发、校准和验证，这些模型将逐步将当前对物理测试的依赖转移到基于模型的模拟，以用于民用基础设施系统的抗震设计和性能评估。这些仿真工具将直接有利于全面实现性能化设计，以评估和降低建筑环境对自然灾害的风险。该振动台设施可以为翻新方法、保护系统以及新材料、部件、系统和施工方法的使用提供验证测试，以实现抗灾和可持续的民用基础设施。

The Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) will be supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) as a distributed, multi-user national facility that will provide the natural hazards research community with access to research infrastructure that will include earthquake and wind engineering experimental facilities, cyberinfrastructure, computational modeling and simulation tools, and research data, as well as education and community outreach activities. NHERI will be comprised of separate awards for a Network Coordination Office, Cyberinfrastructure, Computational Modeling and Simulation Center, and Experimental Facilities, including a post-disaster, rapid response research facility. Awards made for NHERI will contribute to NSF's role in the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) and the National Windstorm Impact Reduction Program. NHERI continues NSF's emphasis on earthquake engineering research infrastructure previously supported under the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation as part of NEHRP, but now broadens that support to include wind engineering research infrastructure. NHERI has the broad goal of supporting research that will improve the resilience and sustainability of civil infrastructure, such as buildings and other structures, underground structures, levees, and critical lifelines, against the natural hazards of earthquakes and windstorms, in order to reduce loss of life, damage, and economic loss. Information about NHERI resources will be available at the DesignSafe-ci.org web portal. NHERI Experimental Facilities will provide access to their experimental resources, user services, and data management infrastructure for NSF-supported research and education awards. This award will provide a NHERI Experimental Facility with a large, high performance, outdoor shake table (LHPOST), located at the University of California, San Diego, to support research in structural and geotechnical earthquake engineering. Earthquakes have had considerable destructive effects on society in terms of human casualties, property and infrastructure damage, and economic losses. Building a multi-hazard, disaster-resilient, and sustainable environment requires the understanding and ability to predict more reliably the system-level response of buildings, critical facilities, lifelines, and other civil infrastructure systems to these extreme events. This facility will enable research, with extensively instrumented large- or full-scale structural, geotechnical, and soil-foundation-structural systems tested under extreme earthquake loads, to produce the experimental data essential to advancing predictive seismic performance tools. Research experiments performed at this facility, which will provide life-size investigation of the performance of structural, geotechnical and soil-foundation-structural systems under earthquake hazards, will also educate undergraduate, graduate, and K-12 students, as well as the general public, about natural disasters and the national need to develop effective technologies and policies to prevent these natural hazard events from becoming societal disasters. This facility will conduct annual workshops for prospective users and will host Research Experiences for Undergraduate students. The LHPOST, with a steel platen that is 12.2 meters long by 7.6 meters wide, has performance characteristics that allow the accurate reproduction of near- and far-field earthquake ground motions. The facility will support seismic testing, under near real-world conditions, of large structural, nonstructural, geotechnical, and geostructural systems, as well as soil-foundation-structural systems, up to a weight of 20 meganewton. Two large soil boxes can be used in conjunction with the shake table to investigate the seismic response of soil-foundation-structural systems. Software and hardware are available to support hybrid shake table testing of structural and soil-foundation-structural systems. Systems tested at the facility can utilize extensive data acquisition and instrumentation capabilities, including a broad array of state-of-the-art and advanced analog sensors and high-definition video cameras, to support detailed monitoring, through hundreds of data channels, of the system response. The landmark system-level tests performed using this facility will provide fundamental knowledge and data to support the development, calibration, and validation of high-fidelity, physics-based computational models of structural, geotechnical, and soil-foundation-structural systems that will progressively shift the current reliance on physical testing to model-based simulation for the seismic design and performance assessment of civil infrastructure systems. These simulation tools will directly benefit the full realization of performance-based design to evaluate and reduce the risks of the built environment to natural hazards. This shake table facility can provide the validation tests for retrofit methods, protective systems, and the use of new materials, components, systems, and construction methods for disaster-resilient and sustainable civil infrastructure.