RAPID: On-site Disinfection and Survival of Ebola and Other Viruses in Human Fecal Wastes and Sewage

RAPID：现场消毒和人类粪便废物和污水中埃博拉病毒和其他病毒的存活

• 批准号: 1521918
• 负责人: Mark Sobsey
• 金额: $ 12.04万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-02-01 至 2018-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1521918&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; site; Disinfection; Survival; Ebola

1521918SobseyRAPID: On-site Disinfection and Survival of Ebola and Other Viruses in Human Fecal Wastes and SewageThere is a critical and urgent need for quantitative data on the survival and rapid, onsite chemical disinfection of Ebola virus and surrogate/indicator viruses in feces and raw sewage, as no such data currently exist. Data on both survival and chemical disinfection of Ebola virus and surrogates/indicators for it will provide quantitative information to assess the risks posed by Ebola virus in fecal waste and raw sewage and to determine if the risks can be reduced effectively by on-site, rapid chemical disinfection. No previous studies have ever compared systematically the range of chemical disinfectants to be used here for inactivation of Ebola or other surrogate/indicator viruses. The project will provide critical and timely quantitative information on the survival and rapid on-site chemical disinfection of a mutant Ebola virus and several candidate indicator/surrogate viruses in feces and raw sewage.The objectives of this study are to: (1) do batch laboratory-scale experiments to quantify and characterize the rate and extent of inactivation of the infectivity of a mutant Ebola virus strain as well as surrogate/indicator viruses, both enveloped and non-enveloped) in feces and raw sewage at two temperatures (37C and a room temperature of ~23C) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and, (2) to determine the rate and extent of inactivation of the infectivity of these viruses in feces and raw sewage by batch disinfection with different doses of the following disinfectants: free chlorine, 2 quaternary ammonium compounds, peracetic acid, lime (calcium hydroxide), a phenolic compound and an anionic detergent. The mutant Ebola virus strain that is not infectious for humans or animals but grows and can be assayed for infectivity in a genetically modified cell line will be used along with the following surrogate/indicator viruses: an animal coronavirus (Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus of Swine), an avian influenza virus strain, an enveloped bacteriophage (Phi6) and 2 non-enveloped bacteriophages of E. coli (MS2 and PhiX-174).

1521918SobseyRAPID：人类粪便和污水中埃博拉病毒和其他病毒的现场消毒和存活目前迫切需要有关埃博拉病毒和粪便中替代/指示病毒的存活和快速现场化学消毒的定量数据，因为目前还没有这样的数据。有关埃博拉病毒存活和化学消毒以及其替代品/指标的数据将提供定量信息，以评估埃博拉病毒在粪便和未经处理的污水中构成的风险，并确定现场快速化学消毒是否可以有效降低风险。此前从未有研究系统地比较过用于灭活埃博拉病毒或其他代用/指示剂病毒的化学消毒剂的范围。该项目将提供有关突变埃博拉病毒和几种候选指示/替代病毒在粪便和原始污水中的存活和快速现场化学消毒的关键和及时的定量信息。这项研究的目标是：(1)进行批量实验室规模实验，以量化和表征在两种温度(37摄氏度和室温约23摄氏度)下，在好氧和厌氧条件下，突变埃博拉病毒株和替代/指示病毒在两种温度(37摄氏度和室温约23摄氏度)的粪便和原始污水中的传染性和失活程度，以及，(2)用以下不同剂量的消毒剂：游离氯、2种季铵化合物、过氧乙酸、石灰(氢氧化钙)、一种酚类化合物和一种阴离子洗涤剂，对粪便和原污水中这些病毒的传染性进行间歇消毒，以测定灭活率和灭活程度。突变的埃博拉病毒株对人或动物不具传染性，但可在转基因细胞系中生长并可检测其传染性，它将与以下替代/指示病毒一起使用：一种动物冠状病毒(猪传染性胃肠炎病毒)、一种禽流感病毒株、一种有包膜的噬菌体(Phi6)和两种无包膜的大肠杆菌噬菌体(MS2和PhiX-174)。