RAPID: On-site Disinfection and Survival of Ebola and Other Viruses in Human Fecal Wastes and Sewage

1521918SobseyRAPID：人类粪便和污水中埃博拉病毒和其他病毒的现场消毒和生存由于目前没有这方面的数据，迫切需要关于埃博拉病毒和替代/指示病毒在粪便和原污水中存活和快速现场化学消毒的定量数据。关于埃博拉病毒存活和化学消毒的数据及其替代物/指标将提供定量信息，以评估粪便废物和原污水中埃博拉病毒构成的风险，并确定是否可以通过现场快速化学消毒有效降低风险。以前的研究从未系统地比较过这里用于灭活埃博拉病毒或其他替代/指示病毒的化学消毒剂的范围。该项目将提供关于一种变异埃博拉病毒和几种候选指示/替代病毒在粪便和未经处理的污水中存活和快速现场化学消毒的关键和及时的定量信息。本研究的目的是：(1)在好氧和厌氧条件下，在两种温度（37℃和~23℃的室温）下，进行批量实验室规模的实验，以量化和表征粪便和未经处理的污水中突变型埃博拉病毒株以及替代/指示病毒（包膜和非包膜）的传染性失活率和程度；(2)用游离氯、2季铵化合物、过氧乙酸、石灰（氢氧化钙）、酚类化合物和阴离子洗涤剂等不同剂量的消毒剂批量消毒，测定粪便和原污水中这些病毒传染性的灭活率和程度。埃博拉病毒突变株对人类或动物没有传染性，但可以在转基因细胞系中生长并检测其传染性，将与以下替代病毒/指示病毒一起使用：动物冠状病毒（猪传染性胃肠炎病毒）、禽流感病毒株、包膜噬菌体（Phi6）和大肠杆菌的2个非包膜噬菌体（MS2和PhiX-174）。

1521918SobseyRAPID: On-site Disinfection and Survival of Ebola and Other Viruses in Human Fecal Wastes and SewageThere is a critical and urgent need for quantitative data on the survival and rapid, onsite chemical disinfection of Ebola virus and surrogate/indicator viruses in feces and raw sewage, as no such data currently exist. Data on both survival and chemical disinfection of Ebola virus and surrogates/indicators for it will provide quantitative information to assess the risks posed by Ebola virus in fecal waste and raw sewage and to determine if the risks can be reduced effectively by on-site, rapid chemical disinfection. No previous studies have ever compared systematically the range of chemical disinfectants to be used here for inactivation of Ebola or other surrogate/indicator viruses. The project will provide critical and timely quantitative information on the survival and rapid on-site chemical disinfection of a mutant Ebola virus and several candidate indicator/surrogate viruses in feces and raw sewage.The objectives of this study are to: (1) do batch laboratory-scale experiments to quantify and characterize the rate and extent of inactivation of the infectivity of a mutant Ebola virus strain as well as surrogate/indicator viruses, both enveloped and non-enveloped) in feces and raw sewage at two temperatures (37C and a room temperature of ~23C) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and, (2) to determine the rate and extent of inactivation of the infectivity of these viruses in feces and raw sewage by batch disinfection with different doses of the following disinfectants: free chlorine, 2 quaternary ammonium compounds, peracetic acid, lime (calcium hydroxide), a phenolic compound and an anionic detergent. The mutant Ebola virus strain that is not infectious for humans or animals but grows and can be assayed for infectivity in a genetically modified cell line will be used along with the following surrogate/indicator viruses: an animal coronavirus (Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus of Swine), an avian influenza virus strain, an enveloped bacteriophage (Phi6) and 2 non-enveloped bacteriophages of E. coli (MS2 and PhiX-174).