Direct Proteomic Investigation Of Variable Dairying Practices

可变乳制品实践的直接蛋白质组学研究

• 批准号: 1523264
• 负责人: Christina Warinner
• 金额: $ 18.82万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1523264&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Direct; Proteomic; Investigation; Variable; Dairying

The goal of this collaborative and multidisciplinary project is to answer fundamental questions about the origins and spread of dairying. Today, global annual milk production is nearly 700 million metric tons, or enough for every human on earth to consume one pint of milk every day. Dairy is a critical part of the world's agricultural economy, and it is consumed on every continent. This is remarkable given the fact that the majority of the world's population is lactose intolerant. Humans are the only mammals that consume milk past infancy, and the utilization of milk by adults has required significant technological, cultural, and genetic adaptations to overcome lactose indigestibility. These adaptations, developed in prehistory, mark a major and lasting shift in human dietary ecology. Recently, dairy has become the subject of popular controversy, with some arguing that its consumption is unnatural and potentially harmful, while others emphasize the health benefits of its nutrient profile and probiotic potential. Archaeological investigations of early dairying can make a significant contribution to this public debate by clarifying the role and context of dairying in human diets over the past 10,000 years. However, many critical questions regarding the origins and spread of dairy remain poorly understood. Dr. Christina Warinner and Dr. Cecil M. Lewis, Jr., of the University of Oklahoma, together with colleagues in the UK, Germany, and South Africa, will apply advanced proteomics techniques using tandem mass-spectrometry to identify animal milk protein in dental calculus (tartar) in order to document dairy consumption during key time periods in strategic geographic locations. The research will focus on Neolithic and Bronze Age populations in the Near East, Anatolia, and Europe, and will answer specific questions regarding the emergence, scale, nature, and spread of dairying economies in prehistoric populations. Specifically, the project will directly test and refine hypotheses regarding the origins and spread of Neolithic dairying, resolve ongoing debates about the scale of dairying before the rise of genetic adaptations for lactose tolerance, and determine the relative importance of sheep, goats, and cattle in early dairying economies. Bringing together a team of archaeologists, biologists, proteomics experts, and health professionals, this research will build international collaborations between multiple academic institutions and museums, create and enhance an international research and training network for graduate students, and contribute to public science education through public talks, lectures, and exhibits on the role of dairy in human prehistory. The results of the research will be published in peer-reviewed journals, and the data generated by the project will be made publically available for future use in open-access online data repositories.

这个合作和多学科项目的目标是回答有关乳品业起源和传播的基本问题。今天，全球牛奶年产量接近7亿公吨，或足以让地球上的每个人每天消耗一品脱牛奶。 乳制品是世界农业经济的重要组成部分，在每个大陆都有消费。考虑到世界上大多数人口都是乳糖不耐症患者，这一点是值得注意的。人类是唯一一种在婴儿期后仍饮用牛奶的哺乳动物，成年人对牛奶的利用需要重大的技术、文化和遗传适应来克服乳糖消化不良。这些在史前发展起来的适应性变化，标志着人类饮食生态学的重大而持久的转变。最近，乳制品已成为大众争议的主题，一些人认为其消费是不自然的，可能有害，而另一些人则强调其营养成分和益生菌潜力的健康益处。对早期乳品业的考古调查可以通过澄清过去10，000年来乳品业在人类饮食中的作用和背景，为这一公开辩论做出重大贡献。然而，关于乳制品的起源和传播的许多关键问题仍然知之甚少。Christina Warinner博士和塞西尔M.小刘易斯，俄克拉荷马州大学的研究人员与英国、德国和南非的同事一起，将应用先进的蛋白质组学技术，使用串联质谱法来识别牙石（牙垢）中的动物乳蛋白，以记录战略地理位置关键时期的乳制品消费量。该研究将侧重于近东，安纳托利亚和欧洲的新石器时代和青铜时代人口，并将回答有关史前人口中乳制品经济的出现，规模，性质和传播的具体问题。具体而言，该项目将直接测试和完善有关新石器时代乳品业起源和传播的假设，解决有关乳糖耐受性遗传适应性兴起之前乳品业规模的持续争论，并确定绵羊，山羊和牛在早期乳品经济中的相对重要性。这项研究汇集了考古学家，生物学家，蛋白质组学专家和卫生专业人员的团队，将在多个学术机构和博物馆之间建立国际合作，为研究生创建和加强国际研究和培训网络，并通过公开讲座，讲座和展览促进公共科学教育。研究结果将发表在同行评审的期刊上，该项目产生的数据将在开放式在线数据存储库中供未来使用。

项目成果

Dental Calculus and the Evolution of the Human Oral Microbiome.

• DOI: 10.1080/19424396.2016.12221034
• 发表时间: 2016-07
• 期刊: Journal of the California Dental Association
• 作者: Christina G Warinner