2015 Physical Metallurgy GRC: Frontiers in Physical Metallurgy

非技术总结：2015年戈登物理冶金研究会议（GRC）回顾了该学科关键方面的知识现状。主持人，讨论领导，海报主持人和其他与会者辩论的艺术状态，哪些问题是最值得在该领域的研究人员。GRC的形式强调演讲和讨论的平等，总共只有22场演讲，积极领导讨论，最大限度地为年轻研究人员提供了学习新思想和新问题的机会。演讲者和讨论领袖是根据他们在各自领域的领导能力和发人深省的演讲能力来选择的。我们预计会议出席人数将接近200人的上限，其中大约40%是学生和博士后。因此，对年轻研究人员的教育影响是巨大的。我们预计大约10%的人会成为助理教授，即在职业生涯早期的学者。技术主题包括金属3D打印、图像分析和数据科学。金属3D打印是一项具有潜在颠覆性的新技术的典型例子，由于其新颖的加工特性，它也有可能开辟物理冶金领域的新研究方向。因此，由于不同寻常的主题组合，会议的技术影响可能很高。技术总结：2015年戈登物理冶金研究会议探讨了该学科的未来。革命性的新型高分辨率实验工具正在出现，这些工具允许在所有三个空间维度和时间上进行多模态表征。与此同时，理论正在成熟，用于测试它的建模/仿真方法正在以惊人的速度发展。这些工具使我们能够解决一个关键问题，即“如何利用材料获得最佳效果”？因此，为了了解当前物理冶金领域的前沿，本文讨论的主题包括：沉淀成核、位错、损伤；确定性与统计模型，如疲劳开裂；5-1000 nm尺度的微结构设计延性的研究和建模——作为失效的代理现代加工技术背后的科学（快速成型，界面粘合，等离子烧结）；设计亚稳结构，如金属玻璃、纳米结构、层状复合材料和涂层；高级显微镜和图像分析；增材制造（3D打印）。作为戈登研究会议的传统，会议建立在几个基本支柱上，即探索学科的前沿，促进对物理冶金未来的辩论，展示未发表的和推测性的工作，并邀请世界级的演讲者。鼓励初级研究人员，即博士后和学生参加，因为大部分可用时间用于讨论和辩论。为了强调这一点，用于演讲的时间与用于讨论的时间大致相等，并且基于禁止引用或引用会议内容的严格规则，强烈鼓励演讲者讨论当前未发表的作品。总之，这次会议为了解物理冶金的新发展和趋势提供了一个独特的机会。

NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY:The 2015 Gordon Research Conference (GRC) on Physical Metallurgy reviews the current state of knowledge with respect to key aspects of the discipline. The presenters, discussion leaders, poster presenters and other participants debate the state of the art and which problems are most deserving of the researchers in the field. The GRC format emphasizes equal parts presentation and discussion, with only 22 talks altogether and active leadership of the discussion, which maximizes the opportunities for young researchers to learn about new ideas and problems. The presenters and discussion leaders have been selected based on their leadership in their respective areas and for their capacity for thought-provoking lectures. We anticipate that the conference attendance is close to the maximum of 200, of which approximately 40 % are expected to be students and postdocs. Therefore the educational impact on young researchers is substantial. We expect about 10 % to be assistant professors i.e. academics at an early career stage. The technical topics include 3D printing of metals, image analysis and data science. The 3D printing of metals is a prime example of a new and potentially disruptive technology that also has the potential to open up new lines of research in physical metallurgy because of its novel processing characteristics. Therefore the technical impact of the meeting is likely to be high because of the unusual mix of topics.TECHNICAL SUMMARY:The 2015 Gordon Research Conference on Physical Metallurgy examines the future of the discipline. Revolutionary new high-resolution experimental tools are emerging that permit multi-modal characterization in all three spatial dimensions as well as time. At the same time, theory is maturing and modeling/simulation methods to test it are advancing at a tremendous pace. These are tools that allow us to address a key issue, which is 'How to exploit materials for best effect'? Accordingly, the topics that are addressed in order to understand where the current frontiers in Physical Metallurgy lie include: nucleation of precipitation, dislocations, damage; deterministic versus statistical modeling, e.g. fatigue cracking; microstructural design on the 5-1000 nm size scale; studies and modeling of ductility - as a proxy for failure; science behind modern processing techniques (rapid prototyping, interface bonding, plasma sintering); designing metastable structures, e.g. metallic glasses, nanostructures, layered composites and coatings; advanced microscopy and image analysis; and additive manufacturing (3D printing). As is the tradition of the Gordon Research Conferences, the meeting is founded on several fundamental pillars, namely to explore the frontiers of the discipline, to foster debate on the future of Physical Metallurgy, to present unpublished and speculative work, and to engage world-class speakers. Junior researchers i.e. postdocs and students are encouraged to attend because a large fraction of the available time is devoted to discussion and debate. To emphasize this point, the time devoted to talks is roughly equal to the time for discussion and presenters are strongly encouraged to discuss current, unpublished work, based on strict rules that bar citation or quotation from the meeting. In summary, this meeting offers a unique opportunity to learn about new developments and trends in Physical Metallurgy.