Collaborative Research: Developing a Visualization Framework for Chemical Reactions

合作研究：开发化学反应可视化框架

• 批准号: 1525475
• 负责人: Sarah Hansen
• 金额: $ 14.72万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-15 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1525475&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Developing; Visualization; Framework

Evidence that a chemical reaction has taken place often includes observable phenomena such as changes in color or temperature, the appearance or disappearance of materials or the formation of bubbles in a liquid. Students of chemistry must explain these observations in terms of concepts that necessitate the use of invisible particles such as atoms, ions and molecules. When students encounter challenges to perceive or visualize in their minds the interactions that take place between these unseen particles, learning can be hindered, and students can become discouraged. This project will conduct research on effective strategies to develop and present visualizations that support student learning in General Chemistry. Students will view videos of chemical reactions that exhibit obvious signs of chemical change. This will immediately be followed by watching two animations that provide explanations at the particle level of the reaction in the video. One animation will present a correct description, while the other will contain intentional errors, and students will be asked to analyze and resolve the differences. Ultimately, they will be asked to reflect on the accuracy of each animation. This use of structured errors will facilitate the acquisition of knowledge with regard to student conceptual understanding and analytical reasoning of foundational chemical principles. The understanding and insights revealed through this endeavor, regarding how visualizations can enhance student success, will be of significant value to educators across a wide range of scientific disciplines, from biology, to earth sciences, to physics and more. This visualization framework of videos with companion animations that employ structured errors will challenge students to reflect deeply on their understanding of three fundamental types of chemical reactions: oxidation-reduction, precipitation and acid-base neutralization reactions. Several studies will be undertaken to investigate how students respond to the video of experimental evidence and the animations in variance to each other. Novel eye-tracking studies will be done to examine how the viewing patterns of participants are affected by focusing exercises that students do in connection to their reflection on the visual components of the framework. The eye-tracking research will then be compared to studies that examine how the animations in variance affect the understanding the students demonstrate of the chemical reactions, and how students connect with the animation models in relation to the experimental evidence to revise and construct their understanding. Finally, naturalistic studies will also be conducted to examine how students respond to the tools in the authentic classroom learning environment. Assessment of project products and milestones will employ both a team of advisors with areas of expertise that span the range of research emphases in the project and an external evaluator proficient in the development of visualizations to provide independent perspective of the quality of the videos and animations and their impacts on student learning.

化学反应发生的证据通常包括可观察到的现象，如颜色或温度的变化，材料的出现或消失或液体中气泡的形成。化学专业的学生必须用概念来解释这些观察结果，这些概念需要使用不可见的粒子，如原子，离子和分子。当学生遇到挑战，在他们的头脑中感知或可视化这些看不见的粒子之间发生的相互作用时，学习可能会受到阻碍，学生可能会感到沮丧。该项目将对有效的策略进行研究，以开发和呈现支持学生学习普通化学的可视化。学生将观看化学反应的视频，这些视频显示出明显的化学变化迹象。这将立即跟随观看两个动画，在视频中的反应的粒子水平上提供解释。一个动画将呈现正确的描述，而另一个将包含故意的错误，学生将被要求分析和解决差异。最终，他们将被要求反映每个动画的准确性。这种结构化错误的使用将有助于学生对基本化学原理的概念理解和分析推理方面的知识的获得。通过这一奋进揭示的理解和见解，关于可视化如何提高学生的成功，将对教育工作者在广泛的科学学科，从生物学，地球科学，物理学等具有重要价值。这种视频的可视化框架与采用结构化错误的同伴动画将挑战学生深刻反思他们对三种基本类型的化学反应的理解：氧化还原，沉淀和酸碱中和反应。将进行几项研究，以调查学生如何反应的实验证据的视频和动画的差异。新颖的眼动追踪研究将被用来研究参与者的观看模式是如何受到学生在框架视觉组件上的反思中所做的聚焦练习的影响。然后，将眼动追踪研究与研究进行比较，研究变化中的动画如何影响学生对化学反应的理解，以及学生如何与实验证据相关的动画模型联系起来，以修改和构建他们的理解。最后，自然主义的研究也将进行，以检查学生如何在真实的课堂学习环境中对工具的反应。项目产品和里程碑的评估将聘请一个顾问团队，他们的专业领域涵盖了项目中的研究重点，以及一名精通可视化开发的外部评估人员，以提供视频和动画质量的独立视角及其对学生学习的影响。