Effects of Maternal and Paternal Responsiveness on Infant Attention and Language Development

母亲和父亲的反应对婴儿注意力和语言发展的影响

• 批准号: 1525966
• 负责人: Julie Gros-Louis
• 金额: $ 23.04万
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-15 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1525966&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Effects; Maternal; Paternal; Responsiveness; Infant

Babies vary significantly in their rate of language acquisition during the first few years of life. Disparities in language development and vocabulary growth in particular can have long term impacts for children's later academic success. How parents interact with and respond to their babies is one factor that has an important impact on babies' language development. However, it is unclear how social interactions and parent responses influence developmental change in infants. The current research will explore how parent responses to babies' vocalizations affect the babies' visual attention in the moment as a potential pathway to longer-term language development. Understanding the relations among responsiveness, visual attention, and subsequent language development can reveal how everyday social interactions support language learning. Mothers' and fathers' social interactions with their 6- to 12-month-old infants will be observed. Observation periods will be coded for infant vocalization, parental responsiveness, and infant visual attention following parental responses. The data will be analyzed for relations between infant vocalizations and parent responses, between parent responses and infant attention, and between observations and subsequent language development as indexed by parental report language questionnaires administered when infants are 15 and 24 months of age. Broad hypotheses include: parent responses will affect infant attention and this will influence language learning; parents will be more responsive to behaviors that are more speech-like and communicative; different types of parent responses will affect infant behavior differently --some responses will more positively impact language development. An important outcome of the research project will be linking parents' responsiveness and infants' visual attention and variation in vocabulary growth to help understand individual differences in language development. The findings will inform theories of development by relating the dynamics of moment-to-moment behaviors to learning and development. Furthermore, the research findings have the potential to inform interventions or parenting advice to promote language development in all children, particularly those who are at risk for delays.

在生命的最初几年里，婴儿的语言习得率差异很大。 语言发展和词汇量增长的差异尤其会对儿童以后的学业成功产生长期影响。父母如何与婴儿互动和回应是对婴儿语言发展有重要影响的因素之一。然而，目前尚不清楚社会互动和父母的反应如何影响婴儿的发育变化。目前的研究将探讨父母对婴儿发声的反应如何影响婴儿当前的视觉注意力，作为长期语言发展的潜在途径。了解反应能力、视觉注意力和随后的语言发展之间的关系可以揭示日常社交互动如何支持语言学习。我们将观察母亲和父亲与 6 至 12 个月大婴儿的社交互动。观察期将针对婴儿发声、父母反应以及父母反应后的婴儿视觉注意力进行编码。将分析婴儿发声与父母反应之间的关系、父母反应与婴儿注意力之间的关系、以及观察与随后的语言发展之间的关系，这些数据由婴儿 15 个月和 24 个月大时进行的父母报告语言调查问卷索引。广泛的假设包括：父母的反应会影响婴儿的注意力，从而影响语言学习；父母会对更像言语和交流的行为做出更积极的反应；不同类型的父母反应会对婴儿行为产生不同的影响——有些反应会对语言发展产生更积极的影响。该研究项目的一个重要成果是将父母的反应能力和婴儿的视觉注意力以及词汇增长的变化联系起来，以帮助理解语言发展的个体差异。这些发现将为发展理论提供信息，将即时行为的动态与学习和发展联系起来。此外，研究结果有可能为干预措施或育儿​​建议提供信息，以促进所有儿童，特别是那些有发育迟缓风险的儿童的语言发展。