ONFIRE (ObservatioNs of Fire's Impact on the southeast atlantic REgion)

南部非洲是世界上最大的生物质燃烧气溶胶排放国。它们在遥远的东南大西洋向西输送，将一些最大的行星气溶胶载量与地球上主要的层积甲板中检查得最少的一些并列在一起。虽然大部分气溶胶存在于边界层云之上，但自由对流层的下沉和海洋边界层随着海洋表面温度变暖而加深，意味着吸收的气溶胶也可以夹带到边界层中。吸收太阳的气溶胶云-大气-海洋系统的模式表示不仅必须考虑直接辐射效应，而且还必须考虑云对大气变暖的调整和气溶胶云微物理相互作用引起的辐射变化。ONFIRE(观察火灾对大西洋东南部区域的影响)是一项实地活动；在大西洋东南部密集部署设施定于2017年9月。目前正在研究一套协调的假设，以改善对生物质燃烧气溶胶成分和吸收、它们与云顶夹带的关系以及对云微物理的影响的理解。正在资助的奖项被认为是一份科学规划概述文件，是这项运动的科学基础。个别科学提案将分别进行审查。

Southern Africa is the world's largest emitter of biomass burning aerosols. Their westward transport over the remote southeast Atlantic ocean co-locates some of the largest planetary aerosol loadings with the least examined of the Earth's major stratocumulus decks. While much of the aerosol resides above the boundary layer cloud, free-tropospheric subsidence and marine boundary layer deepening as sea surface temperatures warm imply that absorbing aerosol can also be entrained into the boundary layer. Model representations of the solar-absorbing aerosol cloud- atmosphere-ocean system must consider not only the direct radiative effect, but also radiative changes arising from cloud adjustments to the atmospheric warming and from aerosol cloud microphysical interactions. ONFIRE (ObservatioNs of Fire's Impact on the southeast atlantic REgion) is a field campaign; the intensive five-week deployment of facilities in the southeast Atlantic is scheduled for September 2017. A coordinated set of hypotheses that improve understanding of biomass burning aerosol composition and absorption, their relationship to cloud-top entrainment, and impact on cloud microphysics, are being examined. The award that is being funded is considered a Scientific Planning Overview document and serves as the scientific basis for the campaign. Individual science proposals will be reviewed separately.