ONFIRE (ObservatioNs of Fire's Impact on the southeast atlantic REgion)

非洲南部是世界上最大的生物质燃烧气溶胶排放地。它们在遥远的东南大西洋上空向西移动，与地球主要层积云甲板中最少被检查的一些最大的行星气溶胶负载同时存在。虽然大部分气溶胶驻留在边界层云之上，但随着海面温度变暖，自由对流层下沉和海洋边界层加深意味着吸收气溶胶也可能被带入边界层。吸收太阳的气溶胶云-大气-海洋系统的模式表示不仅要考虑直接的辐射效应，还要考虑由于云层对大气变暖的调整和气溶胶云微物理相互作用引起的辐射变化。ONFIRE（火灾对东南大西洋地区影响的观测）是一个实地活动；计划于2017年9月在大西洋东南部进行为期五周的密集部署。正在研究一套协调一致的假设，以提高对生物质燃烧气溶胶组成和吸收、它们与云顶夹带的关系以及对云微物理的影响的理解。正在资助的奖项被视为科学规划概述文件，并作为该运动的科学基础。个别科学提案将单独审查。

Southern Africa is the world's largest emitter of biomass burning aerosols. Their westward transport over the remote southeast Atlantic ocean co-locates some of the largest planetary aerosol loadings with the least examined of the Earth's major stratocumulus decks. While much of the aerosol resides above the boundary layer cloud, free-tropospheric subsidence and marine boundary layer deepening as sea surface temperatures warm imply that absorbing aerosol can also be entrained into the boundary layer. Model representations of the solar-absorbing aerosol cloud- atmosphere-ocean system must consider not only the direct radiative effect, but also radiative changes arising from cloud adjustments to the atmospheric warming and from aerosol cloud microphysical interactions. ONFIRE (ObservatioNs of Fire's Impact on the southeast atlantic REgion) is a field campaign; the intensive five-week deployment of facilities in the southeast Atlantic is scheduled for September 2017. A coordinated set of hypotheses that improve understanding of biomass burning aerosol composition and absorption, their relationship to cloud-top entrainment, and impact on cloud microphysics, are being examined. The award that is being funded is considered a Scientific Planning Overview document and serves as the scientific basis for the campaign. Individual science proposals will be reviewed separately.