ONFIRE (ObservatioNs of Fire's Impact on the southeast atlantic REgion)

南部非洲是世界上最大的生物质燃烧气溶胶排放国。它们在遥远的东南大西洋上向西传输，使一些最大的行星气溶胶负荷与地球上最少检查的主要层积云甲板共存。虽然大部分气溶胶存在于边界层云上方，但随着海面温度升高，自由对流层沉降和海洋边界层加深意味着吸收气溶胶也可以被夹带到边界层中。吸收太阳能的气溶胶云-大气-海洋系统的模式表示不仅必须考虑直接辐射效应，而且还必须考虑云对大气变暖的调整和气溶胶云微物理相互作用所引起的辐射变化。ONFIRE（火灾对东南大西洋地区影响的观测）是一项实地活动;计划于2017年9月在东南大西洋进行为期五周的密集设施部署。正在审查一套协调的假设，以提高对生物质燃烧气溶胶成分和吸收的理解，它们与云顶夹带的关系，以及对云微物理学的影响。正在资助的奖项被认为是科学规划概述文件，并作为该运动的科学基础。 个别科学提案将单独审查。

Southern Africa is the world's largest emitter of biomass burning aerosols. Their westward transport over the remote southeast Atlantic ocean co-locates some of the largest planetary aerosol loadings with the least examined of the Earth's major stratocumulus decks. While much of the aerosol resides above the boundary layer cloud, free-tropospheric subsidence and marine boundary layer deepening as sea surface temperatures warm imply that absorbing aerosol can also be entrained into the boundary layer. Model representations of the solar-absorbing aerosol cloud- atmosphere-ocean system must consider not only the direct radiative effect, but also radiative changes arising from cloud adjustments to the atmospheric warming and from aerosol cloud microphysical interactions. ONFIRE (ObservatioNs of Fire's Impact on the southeast atlantic REgion) is a field campaign; the intensive five-week deployment of facilities in the southeast Atlantic is scheduled for September 2017. A coordinated set of hypotheses that improve understanding of biomass burning aerosol composition and absorption, their relationship to cloud-top entrainment, and impact on cloud microphysics, are being examined. The award that is being funded is considered a Scientific Planning Overview document and serves as the scientific basis for the campaign. Individual science proposals will be reviewed separately.