VOCALS: Cloud Remote Sensing in Support of VOCAL-REx: Linking Cloud Optical Properties to Aerosol and Precipitation Variability

很少被观测到的东南太平洋被世界上最大的亚热带层积云覆盖。气候模型对这些云的模拟很差，对全球气候敏感性和大气颗粒物如何影响气候的模型模拟都有影响。虽然这些模拟正在改进，但对云和粒子的更好的模型处理受到对关键物理过程的理解的差距，例如云、气溶胶和毛毛雨的相互作用。本项目中的观测和分析是对VAMOS海洋-云-大气-陆地研究区域实验-VAMOS海洋-云-大气-陆地研究区域实验的贡献，该实验是一个旨在解决这些差距的现场测量、分析和建模计划。(VAMOS是一个国际科学项目，即美国季风系统的可变性。)这个项目的重点是云遥感，它将云的光学特性与底层的气溶胶和毛毛雨可变性联系起来。云中液态水路径(LWP)将使用部署在NSF C-130飞机上的微波辐射计的数据进行提取。这些测量是人声的重要组成部分--霸王龙。云LWP可以说是海洋低云的最重要参数：它们影响云反射回太空的阳光数量，对于确定粒子对云和降水的影响至关重要。云LWP是模型和观测之间最常比较的变量。这台微波辐射计将提供比以前对低纬层积云更高精度的LWP反演。这项工作的广泛影响是支持一名智利研究生的博士论文工作。Zuidema和这位研究生将参加“通往宇宙之窗”的声乐教育和推广计划，Zuidema将在她位于伊利诺伊州Urbana的母校参加高中科学课程，那里的学生主要是低收入人群。

The sparsely observed Southeast Pacific Ocean is covered by the world's largest subtropical sheet of stratocumulus clouds. Climate models poorly simulate these clouds, with consequences for the global climate sensitivity and for model simulations of how atmospheric particles affect the climate. While these simulations are improving, better model treatments of clouds and particles are limited by gaps in the understanding of key physical processes, such as the interactions of clouds, aerosols, and drizzle. The observations and analyses in this project are contributions to VOCALS-REx, the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment, a program of field measurements, analysis, and modeling, intended to address these gaps. (VAMOS is an international science project, the Variability of the American Monsoon System.)This project focuses on cloud remote sensing that links cloud optical properties to the underlying aerosol and drizzle variability. Cloud liquid water paths (LWPs) will be retrieved using data from a microwave radiometer deployed on the NSF C-130 aircraft. These measurements are an essential part of VOCALS-REx. Cloud LWPs are arguably the most important parameter for low clouds over the ocean: they affect how much sunlight the clouds reflect back to space, and they are crucial to identifying the effects of particles on clouds and precipitation. Cloud LWP is the variable most commonly compared between models and observations. This microwave radiometer will provide LWP retrievals of higher accuracy than has previously been possible for low-latitude stratocumulus clouds.Broader impacts of this work are in supporting the PhD thesis work of a Chilean graduate student. Zuidema and the graduate student will participate in the "Windows to the Universe" VOCALS education and outreach program, and Zuidema will engage with high-school science classes at her alma mater in Urbana, Illinois, which has a predominantly lower-income student population.