Collaborative Research: Watershed, estuarine, and local drivers of coastal marsh establishment and resilience

合作研究：流域、河口和沿海沼泽建立和恢复力的当地驱动因素

• 批准号: 1530233
• 负责人: James Heffernan
• 金额: $ 18.86万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-11-15 至 2018-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1530233&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Watershed; estuarine; local

Salt marshes provide numerous ecosystem services including shoreline protection, nutrient cycling, pollutant filtration, nurseries for fish and crustaceans, food production, recreation, and carbon sequestration. Coastal wetlands have been degraded and lost because of changes to upland and coastal environments, and future sea-level rise threatens to exacerbate these trends. This project will advance scientific understanding of the mechanisms that influence marsh formation, persistence, and degradation, which is essential to forecasting future wetland change. The project aims to develop a new way to analyze the vulnerability of marshes that will be relevant to decision-making. Through a student-organized symposium, the work will be communicated directly to policy-makers and practitioners of marsh conservation and restoration. This project will advance science teaching and education both through training the next generation of university students and working with youth in local high schools. Coastal wetlands are complex biogeomorphic systems that provide important ecosystem services, but our current understanding of salt marsh evolution and projections of future changes are based on models and empirical studies of limited spatial and temporal extent. In this project, the team asks "what determines the present, continental-scale extent and distribution of coastal marshes"? They hypothesize that marsh distributions reflect interactions across a wide range of spatial scales, including local biogeomorphic feedbacks, estuarine-scale morphology that governs sediment gradients and wave energy, and past and present watershed processes that influence sediment and water flux. The team proposes an integrated theoretical and empirical approach that takes advantage of continental-scale variation in watershed and estuarine characteristics to understand (1) when, where, and how salt marshes have established, and (2) how marsh distributions respond to sea-level rise, altered suspended sediment concentrations, and other environmental changes.

盐沼提供了许多生态系统服务，包括海岸线保护、养分循环、污染物过滤、鱼类和甲壳类动物的托儿所、食物生产、娱乐和碳封存。由于高地和沿海环境的变化，沿海湿地已经退化和消失，而未来海平面的上升可能会加剧这些趋势。该项目将促进对影响湿地形成、持续和退化机制的科学理解，这对预测未来湿地变化至关重要。该项目旨在开发一种新的方法来分析沼泽的脆弱性，这将与决策有关。通过学生组织的研讨会，这项工作将直接传达给沼泽保护和恢复的决策者和实践者。该项目将通过培训下一代大学生和与当地高中青年合作来推进科学教学和教育。沿海湿地是复杂的生物地貌系统，提供重要的生态系统服务，但我们目前对盐沼演变的理解和对未来变化的预测是基于有限时空范围的模型和实证研究。在这个项目中，研究小组提出了一个问题：“是什么决定了目前沿海沼泽的大陆范围和分布？”他们假设沼泽分布反映了在广泛的空间尺度上的相互作用，包括当地的生物地貌反馈，控制沉积物梯度和波浪能的河口尺度形态，以及影响沉积物和水通量的过去和现在的流域过程。该团队提出了一种综合的理论和经验方法，利用大陆尺度上的分水岭和河口特征的变化来理解(1)何时、何地以及如何建立盐沼；(2)沼泽分布如何响应海平面上升、悬浮沉积物浓度的改变和其他环境变化。