Workshop: Respiration Regimes in River Networks: A cross-biome perspective; September, 2018; Valais, Switzerland

该研讨会旨在了解河流中有机物质(异养呼吸)的分解如何和为什么随着时间的推移而变化，以及不同大小和世界不同地区的溪流和河流的这种时间如何和为什么不同。最近廉价的氧传感器的发展使人们能够广泛收集多年的连续氧浓度记录，这些记录可以用来精确地测量呼吸的时间。河流中的有机物可以由藻类和其他水生植物产生，也可以由陆地植物产生，然后作为落叶、被侵蚀的土壤颗粒或溶解在从山坡流向渠道的水中输送到溪流和河流中。这些有机物质来源支持食物链中较高级别的动物的生长，如昆虫和鱼类，也为去除污染物的微生物提供能量。溪流中光合作用和呼吸作用的平衡也会影响二氧化碳等温室气体的产生。由于有机物可以以许多不同的方式进入溪流，而且不同种类的有机物以不同的速度分解，因此溪流的能量供应时间也可能不同，并对环境变化的许多不同方面做出反应。该奖项将通过支持来自不同职业阶段、地区和背景的美国科学家参加一个讨论环境数据科学前沿主题的国际会议来支持加强和扩大科学队伍；将加强美国与国际科学家之间的现有联系并建立新的联系；并将增加对新开发的在线门户网站(StreamPULSE；Data.stream Pulse.org)，用于存储、共享和分析溪流光合作用和呼吸作用的数据，以开发和测试关于有机物供应时间和分解时间之间的联系以及环境变化如何改变这些模式的想法。这次会议的目的是同时促进对溪流和河流中呼吸作用和异养作用的概念和技术的理解。首先，这次会议将产生一个水生异养的概念模型，将有机质输入的形式、机制和时间与呼吸的时间模式联系起来，借鉴世界各地对有机质和呼吸动力学的深入研究的案例研究。其次，本次会议将评估统计方法，以改进对氧气和包括二氧化碳在内的其他变量的连续时间序列的呼吸动力学的估计和解释。最后，我们将通过将呼吸动力学与森林溪流中有机物质供应的遥感估计进行经验联系来整合这些技术和概念上的进步。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This workshop aims to understand how and why the breakdown of organic material (heterotrophic respiration) varies over time in streams, and how and why this timing differs among streams and rivers of different sizes and in different parts of the world. Recent development of inexpensive oxygen sensors have allowed the widespread collection of multi-year continuous records of oxygen concentration, which can be used to precisely measure the timing of respiration. Organic matter may be produced in the stream by algae and other aquatic plants, or may be produced by terrestrial plants, and later be delivered to streams and rivers as falling leaves, as eroded particles of soil, or dissolved in water that flows from hillslopes to channels. These organic matter sources support the growth of animals higher in the food chain, such as insects and fish, and also provide energy for microorganisms that remove pollutants. The balance of photosynthesis and respiration in streams also influences the production of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. Because organic matter can enter streams in many different ways, and because different kinds of organic matter break down at different rates, the timing of energy supply to streams also is likely to differ among streams, and to respond to many different aspects of environmental change. This award will support strengthen and broaden the scientific workforce by supporting participation of US scientists from different career stages, regions, and backgrounds in an international conference that addresses topics at the leading edge of environmental data science; will strengthen existing connections between US and international scientists and establish new ones; and will increase the use of a newly-developed online portal (StreamPULSE; data.streampulse.org) for storage, sharing, and analysis of stream photosynthesis and respiration data to an international workshop to develop and test ideas about the connections between the timing of organic matter supply and the timing of its decomposition, and how environmental change may alter these patterns.The aim of this conference is to simultaneously advance the conceptual and technical understanding of respiration and heterotrophy in streams and rivers. First, this conference will produce a conceptual model of aquatic heterotrophy that links forms, mechanisms, and timing of organic matter input to temporal patterns in respiration, drawing on case studies from intensive study of organic matter and respiration dynamics at diverse sites around the world. Second, this conference will evaluate statistical methods to improve the estimation and interpretation of respiration dynamics from continuous time series of oxygen and other variables including carbon dioxide. Finally, we will integrate these technical and conceptual advances by empirically linking the dynamics of respiration to remotely-sensed estimates of organic matter supply in forested streams.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.