INSPIRE - Intentional defaults for more sustainable infrastructure: Studying interventions to alleviate biases in upstream, multi-stakeholder decisions

1531041(克洛兹)。该INSPIRE项目由ENG董事会CBET部门的环境可持续发展项目、SBE董事会SES部门的决策、风险和管理科学项目以及综合活动办公室共同资助。该项目将扩展到上游、多利益攸关方的可持续性决策，研究旨在减轻决策偏差的干预措施，如框架效应和社会规范。这一专题将在有形基础设施发展决策中的违约或起点的背景下进行研究，这对各种可持续性问题具有长期影响。与其他领域一样，基础设施中的此类决策是由决策辅助工具(包括评级系统)指导的，这些辅助工具没有充分利用行为科学的进步，部分原因是这是一个方法、问题和解决方案很少进行跨学科交流的领域。通过NSF RCN SUSSTAIN建立的合作，该项目将研究提供给基础设施设计人员的默认选项是否以及如何帮助他们克服选择更可持续选项的障碍。故意设计的违约将在可持续基础设施的领先评级系统enVision中进行研究。该研究计划遵循一个迭代过程，从实验工作开始，使用实际基础设施开发决策的副本，与学生和专业人员一起测试一系列默认干预措施。实验将测试行为科学理论在多大程度上转化为上游的多方利益相关者的决策，特别是选择违约是否会影响此类决策，以及通过三种渠道中的哪一种：做出决策所需的认知能量；认为违约是推荐的或社会规范选项；以及将结果框定为损失或收益。实验还将探索披露干预措施是否会削弱其效果。与决策者的半结构化访谈将是对实验的补充，以探索与技术和经济考虑因素以及利益相关者不同的目标、重要性权重和权衡价值相比，选择默认值的相对影响。这个项目旨在产生教育案例研究，将研究见解注入工程学和行为科学课程。

1531041 (Klotz). This INSPIRE project is jointly funded by the Environmental Sustainability program in the CBET Division in the ENG Directorate, the Decision, Risk, and Management Sciences program in the SES Division of the SBE Directorate, and the Office of Integrative Activities. The project will extend - to upstream, multi-stakeholder decision making for sustainability - the study of interventions designed to alleviate decision biases such as framing effects and social norms. This topic will be studied in the context of defaults, or starting points, in development decisions for physical infrastructure, which has long term impacts on various sustainability concerns. Such decisions in infrastructure, as in other domains, are guided by decision aids including rating systems that do not take full advantage of advances in behavioral sciences, in part because this is an area where interdisciplinary exchange of methods, problems, and solutions has been rare. Through a collaboration that was established by the NSF RCN SUSSTAIN, this project will examine whether and how default options presented to infrastructure designers can help them overcome barriers to the selection of more sustainable options. Intentionally designed defaults will be studied in Envision, a leading rating system for sustainable infrastructure. The research plan follows an iterative process that begins with experimental work to test a series of default interventions, with students and professionals, using replicas of actual infrastructure development decisions. Experiments will test the extent to which behavioral science theories translate to upstream, multi-stakeholder decisions, in particular whether choice defaults influence such decisions, and through which of three channels: the cognitive energy required to make a decision; perceptions that the default is the recommended or social norm option; and by framing the outcome as a loss or gain. Experiments will also explore whether disclosing interventions diminishes their effect. Semi-structured interviews with decision makers will complement the experiments to explore the relative influence of the choice defaults compared to technical and economic considerations and compared to stakeholders' differing goals, importance weightings, and tradeoff values. This project is set up to yield educational case studies to infuse research insights into engineering and behavioral science curricula.