INSPIRE - Intentional defaults for more sustainable infrastructure: Studying interventions to alleviate biases in upstream, multi-stakeholder decisions

INSPIRE - 更可持续的基础设施的有意默认：研究减轻上游多利益相关者决策中的偏见的干预措施

• 批准号: 1744246
• 负责人: Leidy Klotz
• 金额: $ 84.12万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-04-01 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1744246&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: INSPIRE; Intentional; defaults; more; sustainable

1531041 (Klotz). This INSPIRE project is jointly funded by the Environmental Sustainability program in the CBET Division in the ENG Directorate, the Decision, Risk, and Management Sciences program in the SES Division of the SBE Directorate, and the Office of Integrative Activities. The project will extend - to upstream, multi-stakeholder decision making for sustainability - the study of interventions designed to alleviate decision biases such as framing effects and social norms. This topic will be studied in the context of defaults, or starting points, in development decisions for physical infrastructure, which has long term impacts on various sustainability concerns. Such decisions in infrastructure, as in other domains, are guided by decision aids including rating systems that do not take full advantage of advances in behavioral sciences, in part because this is an area where interdisciplinary exchange of methods, problems, and solutions has been rare. Through a collaboration that was established by the NSF RCN SUSSTAIN, this project will examine whether and how default options presented to infrastructure designers can help them overcome barriers to the selection of more sustainable options. Intentionally designed defaults will be studied in Envision, a leading rating system for sustainable infrastructure. The research plan follows an iterative process that begins with experimental work to test a series of default interventions, with students and professionals, using replicas of actual infrastructure development decisions. Experiments will test the extent to which behavioral science theories translate to upstream, multi-stakeholder decisions, in particular whether choice defaults influence such decisions, and through which of three channels: the cognitive energy required to make a decision; perceptions that the default is the recommended or social norm option; and by framing the outcome as a loss or gain. Experiments will also explore whether disclosing interventions diminishes their effect. Semi-structured interviews with decision makers will complement the experiments to explore the relative influence of the choice defaults compared to technical and economic considerations and compared to stakeholders' differing goals, importance weightings, and tradeoff values. This project is set up to yield educational case studies to infuse research insights into engineering and behavioral science curricula.

1531041（Klotz）。该INSPIRE项目由ENG董事会CBET部门的环境可持续性计划，SBE董事会SES部门的决策，风险和管理科学计划以及综合活动办公室共同资助。该项目将扩大-上游、多方利益攸关者的可持续性决策-研究旨在减轻决策偏见的干预措施，如框架效应和社会规范。本专题将在有形基础设施发展决策中的默认值或起点的背景下进行研究，这对各种可持续性问题具有长期影响。与其他领域一样，基础设施领域的此类决策由决策辅助工具（包括评级系统）指导，这些决策辅助工具没有充分利用行为科学的进步，部分原因是这是一个方法、问题和解决方案的跨学科交流很少的领域。通过NSF RCN SUSSTAIN建立的合作，该项目将研究向基础设施设计人员提供的默认选项是否以及如何帮助他们克服选择更可持续选项的障碍。有意设计的违约将在可持续基础设施的领先评级系统Envision中进行研究。该研究计划遵循一个迭代过程，从实验工作开始，与学生和专业人士一起使用实际基础设施开发决策的副本来测试一系列默认干预措施。实验将测试行为科学理论在多大程度上转化为上游，多利益相关者的决策，特别是选择默认值是否会影响这些决策，以及通过以下三个渠道中的哪一个：做出决策所需的认知能量;默认值是推荐或社会规范选项的看法;以及将结果框定为损失或收益。实验还将探讨披露干预措施是否会削弱其效果。与决策者的半结构化访谈将补充实验，以探索与技术和经济考虑相比，以及与利益相关者的不同目标，重要性权重和权衡值相比，选择默认值的相对影响。该项目旨在产生教育案例研究，为工程和行为科学课程注入研究见解。