UAF participation in: C budget of ecosystems and cities and villages on permafrost in eastern Russian Arctic (COPERA)

该奖项为参与由14个国家发起的全球变化研究计划通过贝尔蒙特论坛竞争性选定的项目的美国研究人员提供支持。贝尔蒙论坛是一个高级别的世界组织，S是全球环境变化研究和国际科学理事会的主要和新兴资助者。其目的是通过协调和调动国际资源，加速开展最迫切需要的国际环境研究，以消除对可持续性的关键障碍。每个伙伴国都在一个联合体内为其研究人员提供资金，以减轻跨越国际边界的资金需求。这种方法有助于有效利用国家资源，支持对具有全球相关性的主题进行出色的研究，最好通过多国方法来解决，认识到全球挑战需要全球解决方案。在这一合作研究行动中，合作机构为利用现有北极观测系统、数据集和模型评估北极地区关键的可持续挑战和机遇的研究项目提供支持，为应对这些挑战和机遇创新可持续科学理论和方法，并支持实现可持续北极环境的决策。该奖项为美国研究人员在财团中的合作提供支持，该财团由至少三个参与国的合作伙伴组成，并将自然科学家、社会科学家和最终用户(例如，政策制定者、监管机构、非政府组织、社区和行业)聚集在一起。东西伯利亚生态系统建立在世界上最大、最深的永久冻土区，地球上的大部分二氧化碳都被封存在那里？S。这一独特的永久冻土生态系统目前正受到全球变暖的威胁。除了气候变暖的直接影响外，永久冻土退化还可能导致植被和碳收支以及温室气体排放的进一步变化，然后这些变化可能会反馈给气候系统。在这个脆弱的区域，随着萨哈共和国(雅库特)各城市人口的增加和碳排放量的增加，经济和人口结构正在发生重大变化，而较小的住区由于与城市能源需求相关的成本上升而减少，难以负担取暖燃料。这一环境脆弱地区的人口和排放增长对环境的影响，以及对北极居民可行的低碳能源解决方案的需求，推动了COOPRA项目。来自美国、俄罗斯和日本的合作研究小组将与当地社区合作建立一个永久冻土、水文和气象观测网络，以估计永久冻土生态系统(冻土带和泰加)对二氧化碳的封存和城市和农村的二氧化碳排放。在这项研究中，碳收支(生态系统的二氧化碳封存和人类活动的二氧化碳排放)被作为两个不同角度的衡量标准进行估计。一个是对气候和环境的影响的衡量，另一个是生活成本的衡量，因为更多的燃料燃烧意味着更高的能源成本。这两项措施的影响远远超出了萨哈地区的当地影响。在此项目期间收集的数据将被转换为可公开获取的材料，并与当地居民和政府共享，以告知市政、地区或共和国政府委员会和/或议会会议。

This award provides support to U.S. researchers participating in a project competitively selected by a 14-country initiative on global change research through the Belmont Forum. The Belmont Forum is a high level group of the world?s major and emerging funders of global environmental change research and international science councils. It aims to accelerate delivery of the international environmental research most urgently needed to remove critical barriers to sustainability by aligning and mobilizing international resources. Each partner country provides funding for their researchers within a consortium to alleviate the need for funds to cross international borders. This approach facilitates effective leveraging of national resources to support excellent research on topics of global relevance best tackled through a multinational approach, recognizing that global challenges need global solutions.Working together in this Collaborative Research Action, the partner agencies have provided support for research projects that utilize existing Arctic observing systems, datasets and models to evaluate key sustainability challenges and opportunities in the Arctic region, to innovate new sustainability science theory and approaches to these challenges and opportunities, and support decision-making towards a sustainable Arctic environment. This award provides support for the U.S. researchers to cooperate in consortia that consist of partners from at least three of the participating countries and that bring together natural scientists, social scientists and end users (e.g., policy makers, regulators, NGOs, communities and industry). The eastern Siberian ecosystem is established on the largest and deepest permafrost region in the world, where much of the earth?s carbon dioxide is sequestrated. This unique permafrost-based ecosystem is currently threatened by global warming. In addition to the direct effects of this warming, permafrost degradation may cause further change in vegetation and carbon budget and greenhouse gas emission that may then feedback to the climate system. In this vulnerable region, considerable economic and demographic change is taking place as populations within the cities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) expand and increase their carbon emissions, while smaller settlements decline and struggle to afford heating fuel due to rising costs associated with the urban demands for energy. The environmental impacts of population and emission growth in this environmentally vulnerable region and the need for viable low carbon energy solutions for Arctic residents drive the COPERA project. The collaborative research team from the US, Russia, and Japan will establish a permafrost, hydrological, and meteorological observing network in cooperation with local communities to estimate CO2 sequestration by the permafrost ecosystem (tundra and taiga) and CO2 emission form cities and villages. In this study, the carbon budget (CO2 sequestration by ecosystem and CO2 emission through human activity) is estimated as a measure of two different points of view. One is a measure of impact on climate and environment, and the other is that of living cost because more fuel combustion means higher cost for energy. Both of these measures have impacts well beyond the local effects in the Sakha region. Data gathered during this project will be translated into publicly accessible materials and shared with local residents and government to inform municipal, regional, or Republic governmental committees and/or council meetings.