Doctoral Dissertation Research: An Ethnographic Study of Lay Participation in the United States Criminal Justice System

该项目对美国联邦陪审团制度进行人类学研究，重点是检察官如何挑选陪审员。公民被挑选或免除担任陪审员的过程尚未进行人种学研究，这使得律师和社会科学家无法完全理解律师的社会评价实践与他们作为其专业精神层面的司法表述之间的关系。该项目对社会法学研究和法律的职业有重大贡献。它将阐明检察官如何评估与手头案件有关的申请陪审团服务的个人。迄今为止，这项研究的一个关键发现是，检察官利用多种解释资源，因为他们试图组成一个陪审团的基础上，陪审员的属性。这些资源包括他们在法律方面的专业培训、他们在准备案件审判时的合议协商、他们的个人经验以及其他社会知识来源。由于陪审员从定义上来说是检察官的陌生人，检察官经常使用标志性的“类型”作为社会特征与不同的分析能力和/或犯罪和惩罚取向（在他们自己的理解中）相一致的方式的简写。这项研究还将阐明检察官如何将他们感到的正义义务转化为行动，因为他们与陪审团合作。本研究的见解有助于法律人类学和社会法律研究，并可以返回以及法律的专业通过继续法律的教育（CLE）课程，专注于陪审团选择的理论和实践，借鉴民族志方法，本研究将包括在多个美国参与观察检察官办公室和法庭在联邦司法区。研究人员将进行半结构化和非结构化的采访，探讨检察官对外行决策者的想法如何从一个陪审员（和审判）转移到下一个。它还将涉及对审判记录的分析。

This project undertakes an anthropological study of the United States federal jury system, focusing on how prosecutors pick jurors. The process by which citizens are selected or excused from jury service has not been studied ethnographically, leaving lawyers and social scientists with an incomplete understanding of the relationship between attorneys' practices of social evaluation and their formulations of justice as dimensions of their professionalism. Significant contributions to sociolegal research and the legal profession flow from this project. It will shed light on how prosecutors evaluate individuals who report for jury service in relation to the case at hand. A key finding in this research to date is that prosecutors draw on multiple interpretive resources as they seek to compose a jury based on the attributes of jurors. These resources include their professional training in the law, their collegial consultation as they prepare cases for trial, and their personal experience, among other sources of social knowledge. Since jurors are by definition strangers to prosecutors, prosecutors often use iconic "types" as shorthand for the ways social characteristics align (in their own understandings) with different analytical abilities and/or orientations to crime and punishment. This research will also illuminate how prosecutors translate their felt obligation to do justice into action, as they work with juries. The insights of this study contribute to the anthropology of law and sociolegal studies, and can be returned as well to the legal profession through Continuing Legal Education (CLE) courses that focus on the theory and practice of jury selection.Drawing on ethnographic methods, this research will include participant observation in multiple U.S. Attorney's Offices and courtrooms in a federal judicial district. The researcher will conduct semi-structured and unstructured interviews that explore how prosecutors' ideas about lay decision-makers shift from one juror(and trial)to the next. It will also involve the analysis of trial transcripts.