Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Identity Formation Within The Contexts Of Indenture And Slavery

在欧洲的奴隶制和殖民制度下，成千上万的移民劳工在地球仪各地流离失所。种植园农业的扩张和如此大规模的劳动力迁移对全球经济网络的发展至关重要，而在地方层面上，劳动力散居导致了新的克理奥尔文化的出现。由于经济原因，人们在地球仪上的大规模流动今天仍在继续，因此理解所涉及的长期过程具有当代意义。这项比较研究将奴隶和后奴隶的经历置于契约劳工制度的背景下，契约劳工制度与之重叠并取代了契约劳工制度。考古学的材料和空间性质非常适合调查劳动者的日常做法和经历，以及种植园作为其中一部分的更大的区域网络。该项目将扩大目前关于移徙者和侨民的研究范围，考虑移徙选择和对个人流动性的看法如何影响目前的身份做法。参与跨国研究将为考古学家研究这些人口提供一个新的模型，有助于我们理解劳动力迁移的历史和物质影响，并阐明全球资本主义在印度洋地区的发展以及如何发展。这项研究将在布拉斯德欧国家公园进行，这是毛里求斯岛上一个18 - 19世纪的甘蔗种植园。作为对印度洋种植园遗址进行的第一次大规模调查的一部分，该项目将增加布拉斯多国家公园的有形遗产价值，并向马达加斯加公众介绍考古学。学习历史和遗产的学生和公园工作人员将参加实地考察和文物分析，作为建立当地基础设施和知识的一种手段。这种接触将通过对考古过程的教育，以及毛里求斯考古遗址揭示该岛过去隐藏方面的潜力，提高公众的科学素养和参与度。Julia Jong Haines，在弗吉尼亚大学Adria LaViolette博士的监督下，我将调查奴役和契约劳工的材料和空间如何反映不同的社会组织和做法，以及它们是如何变化的随着时间奴隶（主要是东南非洲人）和契约劳工（主要是南亚人）的日常生活是否有明显的不同？劳工的家乡在散居文化习俗上有什么不同？劳工如何参与当地和全球贸易和交换网络，他们是否与祖国保持联系？通过考古调查、发掘、文献档案和口述历史研究收集的数据和材料将用于比较劳工的日常生活消费模式，这些模式表明饮食方式、个人和宗教习俗、家庭建筑和空间安排以及参与国内和国际经济。本研究将结合成熟的克理奥尔化模型和最近的跨国劳动力迁移研究，确定不同劳动者在多大程度上实践克理奥尔化身份，并在创造新的克理奥尔化实践的同时保持与祖国的联系。解开创造和表达在日常生活中的复杂性之间的布拉斯多的多样化的人口，这个项目将有助于西班牙的遗产，和散居环境的比较考古学。

Under the European colonial institutions of slavery and indenture, hundreds of thousands of migrant laborers were displaced across the globe. The expansion of plantation agriculture and such massive labor migrations were critical to the development of global economic networks, while on the local level labor diasporas resulted in the emergence of new creolized cultures. Since major movements of people across the globe for economic reasons continue today understanding long term processes involved is of contemporary relevance. This comparative study contextualizes slave and post-slave experiences within an indentured labor regime that overlapped and replaced it. Archaeology's material and spatial nature is well suited to investigate both the daily practices and experiences of laborers, as well as the larger regional networks of which plantations were a part. This project will extend the scope of current research on and among migrant and diaspora populations, considering how choice in migration and perceptions of one's mobility influence ongoing identity practices. Engaging with transnational studies will provide a new model for archaeologists examining such populations, contribute to our understanding of the historical and material implications of labor migrations, and illuminate where and how global capitalism developed in the Indian Ocean region. This research will take place in Bras d'Eau National Park, an 18th-19th-century sugar plantation on the island of Mauritius. As part of the first large-scale investigation into an Indian Ocean plantation site, this project will add tangible heritage value to the Bras d'Eau National Park, and introduce archaeology to the Mauritian public. Mauritian students studying history and heritage and park personnel will participate in fieldwork and artifact analysis as a means to build local infrastructure and knowledge. Such exposure will increase public scientific literacy and engagement by educating about the archaeological process, and the potential of archaeological sites on Mauritius to shed light on hidden aspects of the island's past.Julia Jong Haines, under supervision of Dr. Adria LaViolette, University of Virginia, will investigate how enslaved and indentured laborers' materials and spaces reflect different social organizations and practices and how they changed over time. Were the daily lives of enslaved (mostly SE African) and indentured (mostly South Asian) laborers markedly different? What difference did laborers' homelands make in diaspora cultural practices? How were laborers engaged in local and global trade and exchange networks, and did they maintain ties to their homelands? Data and materials collected through archaeological survey, excavations, and documentary archival and oral historical research will be used to compare laborers' daily life consumption patterns that indicate foodways, personal and religious practices, domestic architecture and spatial arrangements, and participation in domestic and international economies. Engaging with both well-established creolization models and recent transnational labor migration studies, this study will determine to what degree different laborers practiced creolized identities and maintained ties to homelands while also creating new creolized practices. Untangling the complexities of creation and expression in daily life among Bras d'Eau's diverse population, this project will contribute to Mauritian heritage, and comparative archaeologies of diaspora contexts.