Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Identity Formation Within The Contexts Of Indenture And Slavery

博士论文改进奖：契约和奴隶制背景下的身份形成

• 批准号: 1536095
• 负责人: Adria LaViolette
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2017-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1536095&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Award; Identity

Under the European colonial institutions of slavery and indenture, hundreds of thousands of migrant laborers were displaced across the globe. The expansion of plantation agriculture and such massive labor migrations were critical to the development of global economic networks, while on the local level labor diasporas resulted in the emergence of new creolized cultures. Since major movements of people across the globe for economic reasons continue today understanding long term processes involved is of contemporary relevance. This comparative study contextualizes slave and post-slave experiences within an indentured labor regime that overlapped and replaced it. Archaeology's material and spatial nature is well suited to investigate both the daily practices and experiences of laborers, as well as the larger regional networks of which plantations were a part. This project will extend the scope of current research on and among migrant and diaspora populations, considering how choice in migration and perceptions of one's mobility influence ongoing identity practices. Engaging with transnational studies will provide a new model for archaeologists examining such populations, contribute to our understanding of the historical and material implications of labor migrations, and illuminate where and how global capitalism developed in the Indian Ocean region. This research will take place in Bras d'Eau National Park, an 18th-19th-century sugar plantation on the island of Mauritius. As part of the first large-scale investigation into an Indian Ocean plantation site, this project will add tangible heritage value to the Bras d'Eau National Park, and introduce archaeology to the Mauritian public. Mauritian students studying history and heritage and park personnel will participate in fieldwork and artifact analysis as a means to build local infrastructure and knowledge. Such exposure will increase public scientific literacy and engagement by educating about the archaeological process, and the potential of archaeological sites on Mauritius to shed light on hidden aspects of the island's past.Julia Jong Haines, under supervision of Dr. Adria LaViolette, University of Virginia, will investigate how enslaved and indentured laborers' materials and spaces reflect different social organizations and practices and how they changed over time. Were the daily lives of enslaved (mostly SE African) and indentured (mostly South Asian) laborers markedly different? What difference did laborers' homelands make in diaspora cultural practices? How were laborers engaged in local and global trade and exchange networks, and did they maintain ties to their homelands? Data and materials collected through archaeological survey, excavations, and documentary archival and oral historical research will be used to compare laborers' daily life consumption patterns that indicate foodways, personal and religious practices, domestic architecture and spatial arrangements, and participation in domestic and international economies. Engaging with both well-established creolization models and recent transnational labor migration studies, this study will determine to what degree different laborers practiced creolized identities and maintained ties to homelands while also creating new creolized practices. Untangling the complexities of creation and expression in daily life among Bras d'Eau's diverse population, this project will contribute to Mauritian heritage, and comparative archaeologies of diaspora contexts.

在欧洲殖民时期的奴隶制和契约制度下，全球数十万移民劳工流离失所。种植园农业的扩张和如此大规模的劳动力迁移对全球经济网络的发展至关重要，而在地方一级，散居海外的劳动力导致了新的克里奥化文化的出现。由于经济原因在全球范围内的主要人员流动至今仍在继续，因此了解其中所涉及的长期进程具有当代意义。这项比较研究将奴隶和后奴隶的经历置于契约劳动制度的背景下，契约劳动制度重叠并取代了契约劳动制度。考古学的材料和空间性质非常适合调查劳工的日常实践和经历，以及种植园所属的更大的区域网络。该项目将扩大目前对移民和散居人口的研究范围，考虑到移民的选择和对个人流动性的看法如何影响正在进行的身份识别做法。参与跨国研究将为考古学家研究这类人口提供一个新的模式，有助于我们理解劳动力迁移的历史和物质影响，并阐明全球资本主义在印度洋地区的哪里和如何发展。这项研究将在毛里求斯岛上的Bras d‘eau国家公园进行，这是一个18至19世纪的甘蔗种植园。作为对印度洋种植园遗址进行的第一次大规模调查的一部分，该项目将为Bras d‘eau国家公园增加有形遗产价值，并向毛里求斯公众介绍考古。学习历史和遗产的毛里求斯学生和公园工作人员将参加实地考察和文物分析，以此作为建立当地基础设施和知识的一种手段。这样的曝光将通过教育公众了解考古过程和毛里求斯考古遗址的潜力来揭示该岛过去隐藏的方面，从而提高公众的科学素养和参与度。在弗吉尼亚大学Adria LaViolette博士的监督下，Julia Jong Haines将调查奴役和契约劳工的材料和空间如何反映不同的社会组织和做法，以及它们如何随着时间的推移发生变化。被奴役的劳工(主要是东南部非洲人)和契约劳工(主要是南亚人)的日常生活有明显的不同吗？劳工的故乡在散居海外的文化习俗中起到了什么作用？劳工如何参与当地和全球的贸易和交换网络，以及他们是否与自己的祖国保持联系？通过考古调查、发掘、文献档案和口述历史研究收集的数据和材料将用于比较劳动者的日常生活消费模式，这些模式表明食物、个人和宗教习俗、国内建筑和空间安排，以及对国内和国际经济的参与。这项研究结合了成熟的克里奥化模型和最近的跨国劳动力迁移研究，将确定不同的劳工在多大程度上实践了克里奥化身份，并在创造新的克里奥化做法的同时保持了与祖国的联系。为了解决布拉斯代奥不同人口在日常生活中创作和表达的复杂性，该项目将有助于毛里求斯遗产和侨民背景的比较考古。