RAPID: Avoiding Secondary Disasters: Wastewater Treatment Design and (Re)construction during Large-Scale Disaster Response

RAPID：避免次生灾害：大规模灾害应对期间的废水处理设计和（重建）建设

• 批准号: 1539775
• 负责人: Heidi Gough
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-15 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1539775&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Avoiding; Secondary; Disasters; Wastewater

1539775GoughThe aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf Coast demonstrated the potential for severe environmental impacts to area waterways caused by displaced populations overwhelming wastewater treatment facilities in host communities. The call for scholarly literature on rapid response for wastewater treatment recovery after disasters has gone largely unanswered. This proposal addresses a window of opportunity for obtaining data on the wastewater treatment response in a refugee camp in the Azraq region of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, where the population is expected to swell from 10,000 to over 100,000 during the next year.A moving-bed biofilm reactor was installed for wastewater treatment at this camp in December 2014. The camp population will grow substantially while the moving-bed biofilm reactors will be brought on-line. Study of this unprecedented period of scale-up will fill a data void regarding both the function of moving-bed biofilm reactor, which are un-tested for extreme high loading conditions, and the response of these extreme conditions on operator decision making. During disaster response, such as this response to displaced persons, infrastructure decisions must be made rapidly and often lead to misinformed decisions. Several organizations have developed guidance for effective (re)construction (i.e. adjusts to the original design after initial construction) by revisiting projects after completion. Those efforts are incremental mainly focused on descriptive solutions, and have rarely considered the wastewater treatment infrastructure. In fact, pit toilets and latrines are among the most common recommendations for displaced populations when local (host) community wastewater facilities cannot accommodate the extra flow. However, lack of treatment places already vulnerable populations at risk of waterborne diseases and places the local area at risk of long-term environmental impacts. Thus, Azraq is a unique study situation in which decisions have been made to use modern wastewater treatment technologies in a situation where many of the treatment system design parameters were unknown so that informed and organized (re)construction decisions will be critical to operational success. This project will establish a framework for coordinated comparison of the decision making framework on wastewater treatment performance under real-time, high-stress operations. This project combines advancements in two disciplines and will examine the complex relationship between people driven actions through a decision making process and the impact on a wastewater treatment system measured by its environmental qualities. Understanding delivery of wastewater treatment at the Azraq refugee camp will establish a framework against which research into other disaster response situations can be compared. This project will be of broad interest, as the Middle East conflicts are gaining more media coverage with increased US involvement, and will help educate the general public on the importance of wastewater treatment in times of crisis. Collaboration between University of Washington and the Jordan University for Science and Technology will increase the international collaboration of the investigators.

1539775 gough卡特里娜飓风在墨西哥湾沿岸造成的后果表明，由于流离失所的人口使收容社区的污水处理设施不堪重负，可能对地区水道造成严重的环境影响。关于灾后废水处理恢复快速反应的学术文献的呼吁在很大程度上没有得到回应。这一建议解决了在约旦哈希姆王国阿兹拉克地区的一个难民营获得废水处理响应数据的机会之窗，该难民营的人口预计将在明年从1万人增加到10万人以上。2014年12月，该营地安装了移动床生物膜反应器，用于废水处理。当移动床生物膜反应器上线时，营地人口将大幅增长。这一前所未有的大规模研究将填补移动床生物膜反应器的功能方面的数据空白，移动床生物膜反应器尚未在极端高负荷条件下进行过测试，以及这些极端条件对运营商决策的响应。在灾害应对过程中，例如这次对流离失所者的应对，必须迅速做出基础设施方面的决定，这往往会导致错误的决定。一些组织已经制定了有效（重新）施工（即在初始施工后调整到原始设计）的指导方针，在完成后重新审视项目。这些努力是渐进式的，主要侧重于描述性解决方案，很少考虑废水处理基础设施。事实上，当当地（东道国）社区污水处理设施无法容纳额外的流量时，坑式厕所和厕所是流离失所人口最常见的建议之一。然而，缺乏治疗使本已脆弱的人群面临水传播疾病的风险，并使当地面临长期环境影响的风险。因此，Azraq是一个独特的研究情况，在许多处理系统设计参数未知的情况下，决定使用现代废水处理技术，因此明智和有组织的（重新）建设决策对运营成功至关重要。该项目将建立一个框架，以协调比较实时、高压力操作下废水处理性能的决策框架。该项目结合了两个学科的进步，并将通过决策过程和对环境质量衡量的废水处理系统的影响来研究人驱动的行动之间的复杂关系。了解Azraq难民营的废水处理情况将建立一个框架，与其他灾害应对情况的研究进行比较。随着美国对中东冲突的参与越来越多，媒体对中东冲突的报道越来越多，该项目将引起广泛关注，并将有助于教育公众在危机时期处理废水的重要性。华盛顿大学和约旦科技大学之间的合作将增加研究人员的国际合作。