Analysis and modeling of noise sources in the vocal tract with a new measurement technique for 3D real-time reconstruction of the oral cavity

在摩擦音和爆破音的产生过程中，声道内噪声源的特性尚未得到详细的了解。噪声是湍流的结果，在一定的空气动力学和几何条件下发生在声道中，主要是由于空气的射流通过收缩。湍流噪声源的特性，特别是其空间分布和频谱形状，以复杂的方式依赖于时变的三维腔体形状和口内压力。这些特性不能直接测量，只能通过基于声道形状的声学语音信号的反滤波间接测量。因此，不仅要进行反滤波，而且要分析声源特性、腔体形状和口内压力之间的关系，都需要精确测量声道的三维形状，特别是在收缩区域。该项目的目标是开发一种基于电和光学腭造影术的新测量技术，该技术首次允许详细的实时重建前声道的3D腔形状。该技术将应用于发音语音合成噪声源的分析和建模。

The properties of noise sources in the vocal tract during the production of fricatives and plosives are not yet understood in detail. Noise is a consequence of turbulence, which occurs under certain aerodynamic and geometric conditions in the vocal tract, mostly due to a jet of air through a constriction. The properties of the turbulent noise sources, especially their spatial distribution and spectral shape, depend in complex ways on the time-varying 3D cavity shape and the intraoral pressure. These properties cannot be measured directly, but only indirectly by inverse filtering of the acoustic speech signal based on the vocal tract shape. Therefore, not only inverse filtering, but also the analysis of the relations between source properties, cavity shape and intraoral pressure require precise measurements of the 3D vocal tract shape, especially in the region of the constriction. The goal of this project is to develop a new measurement technique based on electrical and optical palatography that allows for the first time the detailed real-time reconstruction of the 3D cavity shape of the anterior vocal tract. This technique will be applied to the analysis and modeling of noise sources for articulatory speech synthesis.