BREAD ABRDC: Genomic approaches to capture Novel Alleles in cultivated peanut to increase smallholder production.

面包 ABRDC：捕获栽培花生中新等位基因的基因组方法，以提高小农产量。

• 批准号: 1543922
• 负责人: Peggy Ozias-Akins
• 金额: $ 114.45万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-01 至 2020-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1543922&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: BREAD; ABRDC; Genomic; approaches; capture

PI: Peggy Ozias-Akins (University of Georgia)CoPIs: Scott A. Jackson and Soraya Bertioli (University of Georgia), H. Thomas Stalker (North Carolina State University), and Daniel Fonceka (CIRAD and ISRA/CERAAS, Senegal)Cultivated peanut is an important food and oil crop in the U.S. and globally. Peanut is polyploid and originated relatively recently in evolutionary time from hybridization between two diploid species, followed by chromosome doubling. This domestication bottleneck limits variation among genes for resistance to most pests and diseases. Advances in breeding methods have resulted in the development of synthetic polyploids from the ancestral diploid species of peanut. Crossing and backcrossing synthetic polyploids with cultivated lines allows transfer of chromosomal segments carrying desirable traits to the cultivated genome. Given that the majority of peanuts are produced in developing countries and that potential for yield gains based on genetic improvement is large, the long-term impact on production of this nutritious crop will be substantial. Partnership with the Senegalese Institute for Agricultural Research will ensure that the outputs of this project reach smallholder farmers given their current inclusion in a network that is being used both for evaluation and pre-diffusion of the most promising germplasm. Well characterized germplasm also will be made available to breeding programs around the world.Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and oil crop in the U.S. and internationally, particularly for small holder farmers. The allotetraploid cultivated species (2n = 4x = 40; AABB genomes) originated from two diploid species, A. duranensis (AA) and A. ipaensis (BB), has very low levels of DNA polymorphism, and only moderate levels of resistance to most pests and diseases. However, several diploid (2n = 2x = 20) Arachis species have extremely high levels of resistance or immunity to the most important diseases of peanut. Objectives of this project are to hybridize four A-genome disease-resistant species with two diploid B- and one K-genome species. The B- and K-genomes are recently described cytological variants of the B genome that likely have different recombination potentials with cultivated peanut. Synthetic tetraploids will be produced from twelve interspecific hybrid combinations and then hybridized with peanut cultivars so that selections can be made for early and late leaf spots, rust, other pathogen resistances, drought tolerance, and favorable pod and haulm traits. In addition, advanced generation interspecific hybrids from four AABB synthetics will be field tested in Africa for these same traits. Taking advantage of the expanding genomic resources for peanut, sequence-based genotyping will be conducted to survey allelic diversity between parental lines, to confirm the hybrid nature of crosses and backcrosses, to characterize introgressions during backcrossing, and to select for QTL conferring leaf spot and rust resistance and drought tolerance along with pod and haulm traits. It is expected that genotyping and phenotyping information generated will contribute to QTL and gene discovery bearing significance for peanut improvement in traits relevant to smallholder agriculture in Africa and other peanut growing regions of the world. These proposed activities will advance knowledge of peanut genetics, evolutionary relationships within the genus, genome structure and gene function enabling a more systematic approach for introgression of wild alleles into cultivated germplasm. Project activities will involve graduate and undergraduate students and provide an active learning environment with emphasis on modern plant breeding and genomics.

Pi：Peggy Ozias-Akins(格鲁吉亚大学)Copis：Scott A.Jackson和Soraya Bertioli(格鲁吉亚大学)，H.Thomas Stalker(北卡罗来纳州立大学)和Daniel Fonceka(塞内加尔CIRAD和ISRA/CERAAS)种植的花生是美国和全球重要的粮油作物。花生是多倍体，起源于较近的进化时期，起源于两个二倍体物种之间的杂交，随后是染色体加倍。这种驯化瓶颈限制了抵抗大多数病虫害的基因之间的变异。育种方法的进步导致了从花生原始二倍体物种发展出合成多倍体。人工合成多倍体与栽培品系的杂交和回交允许携带所需性状的染色体片段转移到栽培基因组中。鉴于大多数花生是在发展中国家生产的，而且基于遗传改良的增产潜力很大，对这种营养作物的生产将产生巨大的长期影响。与塞内加尔农业研究所的伙伴关系将确保这一项目的产出惠及小农，因为他们目前已被纳入一个网络，该网络正在用于评估和预先传播最有希望的种质。优良的种质资源也将被提供给世界各地的育种计划。是美国和国际上一种重要的粮食和油料作物，特别是对小农来说。异源四倍体栽培种(2n=4x=40；AABB基因组)起源于两个二倍体物种，即杜兰(AA)和伊帕(BB)，DNA多态水平很低，对大多数病虫害只有中等水平的抗性。然而，一些二倍体(2n=2x=20)花生品种对花生最重要的病害具有极高的抗性或免疫力。该项目的目标是将四个A基因组抗病物种与两个二倍体B基因组物种和一个K基因组物种杂交。B-基因组和K-基因组是最近被描述的B基因组的细胞学变体，可能与栽培花生具有不同的重组潜力。将从12个种间杂交组合中产生合成四倍体，然后与花生品种杂交，以便对早、晚斑点病、锈病、其他病原菌、抗旱性和有利的豆荚和茎秆性状进行选择。此外，来自四种AABB合成物的高级世代种间杂交种将在非洲进行相同特征的田间测试。利用不断扩大的花生基因组资源，进行基于序列的基因分型，以调查亲本之间的等位基因多样性，确定杂交和回交的杂交性，鉴定回交时的导入，并筛选与叶斑病、锈病和抗旱性以及豆荚和茎秆性状相关的QTL。预计产生的基因分型和表型信息将有助于QTL和基因发现，对非洲和世界其他花生产区与小农农业相关的性状的改良具有重要意义。这些拟议的活动将促进对花生遗传学、属内进化关系、基因组结构和基因功能的了解，使更系统的方法能够将野生等位基因导入栽培种质。项目活动将涉及研究生和本科生，并提供一个积极的学习环境，重点是现代植物育种和基因组学。