BREAD PHENO: High Throughput Phenotyping Early Stage Root Bulking in Cassava using Ground Penetrating Radar

BREAD PHENO：使用探地雷达对木薯早期根膨大进行高通量表型分析

• 批准号: 1543957
• 负责人: Dirk Hays
• 金额: $ 248.67万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M AgriLife Research
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-06-15 至 2021-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1543957&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: BREAD; PHENO; Throughput; Phenotyping; Early

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a tropical root crop with exceptional drought tolerance, making it a critical component of food security for 800 million people in tropical regions of Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Despite its importance, cassava's current 12 to 24 month crop cycle limits the economic prosperity of smallholder farmers due to the length of time between harvest cycles. Identifying new cassava varieties that bulk roots early in the crop cycle is an essential solution to overcome this time constraint. Selection for an early root bulking trait, however, is currently limited because it requires destructive digging of roots, unmanageable breeding trial sizes, and large labor costs. This project will improve trait selection by adapting a technology from geophysics called ground-penetrating radar to produce three-dimensional quantifiable images of cassava roots non-destructively. Using ground-penetrating radar, early bulking root masses can be imaged underground. The goal is to select for cassava varieties that increase cassava yields by 25 to 50% by selecting early stage root bulking from existing high yielding genotypes. The development of a commercial ground-penetrating radar instrument and associated data processing software for selecting early stage root bulking in cassava will provide cassava breeders throughout the world with the tools needed to develop new higher yielding cultivars.Cassava is a tropical root crop that is exceptionally adapted to drought tolerance but has a prolonged life cycle of 12 to 24 months. This long duration limits harvest capabilities for smallholder farmers in the developing world, thus reducing the benefits of the crop as a component of global food security. Overcoming this limitation through selection of new cassava cultivars that exhibit early stage root bulking (ESRB) is an essential solution to ensure continued food security. This project will adapt ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to non-destructively develop 3-dimensional (3-D) quantifiable images of cassava roots. Current GPR instruments and analytical software are designed for subsurface imaging but not necessarily adapted for crop research. This project will use uncoupled GPR transmitters and antenna and an in vitro cassava trough assay system to develop an accurate and cost effective GPR instrument design for cassava breeding in terms of central frequencies emitted and antenna geometries. Ancillary soil matrix data will be combined to allow the development of broadband GPR filter processes of root versus soil matrix specific frequencies, derive root allometries, and begin to convert the individual data processing methods into a streamlined decision support software for ESRB selection. In the long term, the aim is to increase yield by 25 to 50% via GPR-based selection of ESRB from existing high yielding genotypes. The project will ultimately develop an ideal GPR instrument and an easy to use streamlined data processing and decision support software needed by cassava breeders to develop higher yielding early bulking cassava cultivars.

木薯（Manihot esculenta）是一种热带块根作物，具有非凡的耐旱性，是非洲、拉丁美洲和亚洲热带地区8亿人口粮食安全的重要组成部分。尽管木薯很重要，但由于收获周期之间的时间间隔较长，目前木薯的12至24个月的作物周期限制了小农的经济繁荣。确定新的木薯品种，在作物周期的早期块根是克服这一时间限制的重要解决方案。然而，对早期根系膨大性状的选择目前是有限的，因为它需要破坏性的根系挖掘，难以管理的育种试验规模，以及大量的劳动力成本。该项目将改进性状选择，采用地球物理学中的一种技术，即探地雷达，以非破坏性的方式产生木薯根的三维可量化图像。利用探地雷达，可以对地下早期块状根系进行成像。目标是通过从现有高产基因型中选择早期根系膨大的木薯品种，使木薯产量提高25%至50%。用于选择木薯早期根系膨胀的商用探地雷达仪器和相关数据处理软件的开发将为全世界的木薯育种者提供开发新的高产品种所需的工具。木薯是一种热带块根作物，特别适应耐旱，但其生命周期延长至12至24个月。这种持续时间过长限制了发展中国家小农的收获能力，从而降低了这种作物作为全球粮食安全组成部分的效益。通过选择具有早期根系膨大（ESRB）特征的木薯新品种来克服这一限制是确保持续粮食安全的必要解决方案。该项目将采用探地雷达（GPR）非破坏性地开发木薯根的三维（3-D）可量化图像。目前的探地雷达仪器和分析软件是为地下成像设计的，但不一定适用于作物研究。该项目将使用不耦合的探地雷达发射机和天线以及一个体外木薯槽分析系统，根据发射的中心频率和天线几何形状，为木薯育种开发一种准确且具有成本效益的探地雷达仪器设计。辅助土壤基质数据将结合起来，允许开发根与土壤基质特定频率的宽带GPR过滤过程，导出根异速生长，并开始将单个数据处理方法转换为ESRB选择的简化决策支持软件。从长期来看，目标是通过基于gpr的从现有高产基因型中选择ESRB，将产量提高25%至50%。该项目最终将开发一种理想的探地雷达仪器和一种易于使用的简化数据处理和决策支持软件，木薯育种者需要这些软件来开发产量更高的早熟木薯品种。