PIRE: GROWTH: Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen

PIRE：增长：观测瞬变发生的全球观测站接力

• 批准号: 1545949
• 负责人: Mansi Kasliwal
• 金额: $ 371.59万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-10-01 至 2020-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1545949&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: PIRE; GROWTH; Global; Relay; Observatories

The Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen (GROWTH) program is an international collaborative network of astronomers and telescopes dedicated to the study of short-lived cosmic transients and near-earth asteroids. Cosmic transients are energetic flashes of light that are millions to billions of times the brightness of the sun, e.g. explosive deaths of massive stars, white dwarf detonations, exotic neutron star mergers and tidal disruption by black holes. Key follow-up observations of fast-fading or fast-moving events must occur at night promptly after discovery but before the sun rises. A relay of telescopes spanning multiple longitudes on earth will pass the baton amongst each other to effectively extend the night-time darkness. GROWTH will enable detailed monitoring of events that would otherwise vanish before the next night?s observations could begin at any single location. The torrent of data thus generated shall be used to improve both astronomical observing techniques and big data management and analysis (such as machine learning algorithms, database design and statistics). In addition, the intrinsically international context of the GROWTH program shall foster the development of relationships and social capital required to navigate effectively among diverse science cultures from around the world. Therefore, participating students will have the quantitative, computational and interpersonal skills to assume leadership roles in the knowledge economy. GROWTH will address several frontier questions in time domain astronomy systematically. GROWTH aims to characterize the electromagnetic emission from binary neutron star mergers, thereby localizing the prime source of gravitational waves expected to be detected by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). Timely spectroscopy may identify the long sought cosmic location of heavy element production. GROWTH would track small near-earth asteroids of the type that may pose hazards, to characterize their orbit, size, type and rotation properties. GROWTH shall have a front-row seat to observe the end points of stellar evolution by routinely obtaining data in the first 24 hours of a new-born supernova and directly probing the chemistry and history of the progenitor star. The GROWTH education program will train students and postdocs and encompass undergraduate course development, international internships, annual workshops and a research conference. GROWTH will thus help the US and international community prepare for the era of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (starting 2022), NSF's highest priority ground-based astronomy project for the next decade.

观察瞬变的全球接力（增长）计划是一个国际天文学家和望远镜的国际协作网络，致力于研究短暂的宇宙瞬变和近地球小行星。宇宙瞬变是光的闪光闪光，是数百万到数十亿倍的亮度，例如太阳的亮度，例如巨大的恒星，白矮人的爆炸，异国情调的中子恒星合并和黑洞的潮汐破坏的爆炸性死亡。发现快速或快速移动事件的关键后续观察必须在发现后夜间立即发生，但在太阳升起之前。跨越地球上多个纵向的望远镜接力将通过彼此的指挥棒有效地延长了夜间黑暗。增长将详细监视第二天晚上的观察结果可能会在任何单个位置开始之前就消失的事件。这样生成的数据洪流应用于改善天文观测技术以及大数据管理和分析（例如机器学习算法，数据库设计和统计数据）。此外，增长计划的本质国际背景将促进在世界各地的各种科学文化中有效导航所需的关系和社会资本的发展。因此，参与的学生将具有定量，计算和人际交往能力，可以在知识经济中扮演领导角色。增长将系统地域天文学中的几个边界问题解决。生长旨在表征来自二进制中子星星合并的电磁发射，从而定位高级激光干涉仪重力 - 重力波天文台（Ligo）预期将检测到的重力波的主要来源。及时的光谱可能会确定重型元素生产的宇宙位置。生长会跟踪可能构成危害的类型的小近地小行星，以表征其轨道，大小，类型和旋转特性。生长应具有前排座椅，以观察新出生的超新星的前24小时，并直接探测祖细胞恒星的化学和历史。增长教育计划将培训学生和博士后，并涵盖本科课程的发展，国际实习，年度研讨会和研究会议。因此，增长将有助于美国和国际社会为NSF的最高优先级基于地面的天文学项目（从2022年开始）做好准备时代（从2022年开始）。