A New Paradigm for Spectrum Sharing between Wireless Communications and Radio Astronomy

无线通信和射电天文学之间频谱共享的新范例

• 批准号: 1547048
• 负责人: Hlaing Minn
• 金额: $ 59.67万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Dallas
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1547048&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: New; Paradigm; Spectrum; Sharing; between

This EARS (Enhancing Access to the Radio Spectrum) program was founded in response to the 2010 Presidential Memorandum on Unleashing the Wireless Broadband Revolution mandated by Congress as part of the National Broadband Plan. It was referenced in 2010 State of the Union and later on the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 (More than 1/3 of the bill deals with radio spectrum), the PCAST 2012 Report [President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology] (which calls for vastly increased use of spectrum sharing) and the 2013 Presidential memo (Expanding America's Leadership in Wireless Innovation). The aim of this program is to identify bold new concepts with the potential to contribute to significant improvements in the efficiency of radio spectrum utilization, protection of passive sensing services, and in the ability for traditionally underserved Americans to benefit from current and future wireless-enabled goods and services. The impact is large on the economics of the Nation as seen on the last FCC bidding of 65MHz of the spectrum for over $45 billion early in 2015. It will enable access to science, engineering, industry, civilian and military users of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum.Active wireless systems (which transmit and receive RF signals) such as cellular wireless communications have generated numerous advancements in our society and tremendous impacts on the national economy. Passive wireless systems (which only receive usually very faint signals) such as radio astronomy and earth exploration remote sensing have provided economically and scientifically important observations of Earth's environment, our solar system and the cosmos (e.g., weather forecasting, observation of solar flares which could affect infrastructure and lives on Earth). Both types of systems play crucial roles for the growth of humanity, thus their advancements need to be accommodated. However, their spectrum requirements are growing and conflicting to a large degree, and radio frequency interference (RFI) from active systems to passive systems is an increasing concern. This calls for a new paradigm of spectrum access and sharing that can cope with the future's needs. This project proposes such a paradigm between cellular wireless communications (CWC) and radio astronomy systems (RAS). The project develops a novel time and frequency division spectrum access between CWC and RAS, which not only resolves the spectrum requirement conflict but also enhances spectrum access opportunities for both systems. Instead of relying on the geographical isolation of RAS telescopes to avoid RFI, the project introduces a geographical coexistence paradigm between CWC and RAS through the use of a large number of distributed auxiliary radio telescopes (DARTs). The very large scale DARTs will suppress the RFI issue and potentially enable a quantum leap in RAS's capabilities. In addition, the project develops novel adaptive circuitry and signal processing algorithms to handle the RFI issue efficiently. In brief, this project develops an interdisciplinary and mutually-beneficial technical solution and framework for spectrum access of CWC and RAS through coordination between them. CWC could gain more spectrum access opportunities which will enable more wireless services/applications and new business opportunities, thus expanding and enriching the national economy. RAS will secure more spectrum access opportunities and enhanced astronomical observation capabilities, thus accelerating its contributions to the fundamental science, knowledge of the universe, and protection of lives on Earth through space environmental information.

EARS（增强无线电频谱接入）计划是为了响应国会授权的2010年总统关于释放无线宽带革命的备忘录，作为国家宽带计划的一部分。它在2010年的国情咨文和后来的2012年中产阶级税收减免和创造就业法案中被引用（超过三分之一的法案涉及无线电频谱），PCAST 2012年报告[总统科学技术顾问理事会]（呼吁大幅增加频谱共享的使用）和2013年总统备忘录（扩大美国在无线创新方面的领导地位）。该计划的目的是确定大胆的新概念，这些概念有可能有助于显著提高无线电频谱利用效率，保护被动传感服务，并使传统上服务不足的美国人能够从当前和未来的无线产品和服务中受益。这对国家经济的影响很大，正如2015年初FCC以超过450亿美元的价格竞标65 MHz频谱所看到的那样。它将使科学、工程、工业、民用和军事用户能够使用射频（RF）频谱。有源无线系统（发射和接收RF信号），如蜂窝无线通信，已经在我们的社会中产生了许多进步，并对国民经济产生了巨大影响。诸如射电天文学和地球探测遥感的无源无线系统（其通常仅接收非常微弱的信号）已经提供了对地球环境、我们的太阳系和宇宙的经济和科学上重要的观测（例如，天气预报、观测可能影响地球上的基础设施和生活的太阳耀斑）。这两种类型的系统都对人类的发展起着至关重要的作用，因此需要适应它们的进步。然而，它们的频谱需求在很大程度上是增长和冲突的，并且从有源系统到无源系统的射频干扰（RFI）越来越受到关注。这就需要一种新的频谱接入和共享模式，以科普未来的需求。该项目提出了蜂窝无线通信（CWC）和射电天文系统（RAS）之间的这种范式。该项目开发了一种新的CWC和RAS之间的时分和频分频谱接入，这不仅解决了频谱需求的冲突，但也增加了频谱接入的机会，为两个系统。该项目没有依靠RAS望远镜的地理隔离来避免RFI，而是通过使用大量分布式辅助射电望远镜（DARTs）在CWC和RAS之间引入了一种地理共存模式。超大规模的DART将抑制RFI问题，并可能使RAS的能力发生质的飞跃。此外，该项目还开发了新的自适应电路和信号处理算法，以有效地处理RFI问题。简而言之，该项目通过CWC和RAS之间的协调，为CWC和RAS的频谱接入开发了一个跨学科和互利的技术解决方案和框架。CWC可以获得更多的频谱接入机会，这将使更多的无线服务/应用和新的商业机会，从而扩大和丰富国民经济。RAS将获得更多的频谱接入机会和增强的天文观测能力，从而通过空间环境信息加速其对基础科学、宇宙知识和保护地球生命的贡献。