EAGER: Utilizing arthropod prey species' phenology, availability, and life history at the deciduous-boreal ecotone to assess bird range geographic shifts

EAGER:利用落叶-北方交错带的节肢动物猎物物种的物候、可用性和生活史来评估鸟类分布范围的地理变化

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1548112
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 20.15万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2015-09-01 至 2020-08-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

While there is much evidence that plants and animals are changing where they live in response to shifts in climate, it remains unclear how they do so and whether changes in one species affect those in other species. Birds, for example, can move easily from one region to another, but the plants and insects they depend on for food cannot. This project explores the possibility that birds may find suitable climatic conditions in a new area but be deterred from moving there because the plants and insects they typically feed on have not been able to move there. Researchers in Maine will use DNA to measure the diets of birds in a broad area where one type of forest stops and another type begins. They will test two possible explanations for why some birds are expanding into one of the forest types where they did not occur previously, while others species appear stuck in one place and are experiencing declines. The first explanation is that the type of food used by the birds is more available for the expanding species than for the declining species. The second explanation is that there is a mismatch in timing between the when food becomes available and when the declining species start to breed. Researchers will engage undergraduate students, citizen scientists, and public school children in the project; everyone will work together to collect data and to discover the links between birds, their food, and climate. The insects and spiders consumed by birds within the boreal-deciduous ecotone will be identified using metabarcoding of 16S mitochondrial and cytochrome oxidase I genes. Three groups of insectivorous forest birds will be sampled: "leading edge" species (those that are expanding from a southern/deciduous range), "trailing edge" species (those that are declining and typically occur in boreal forest), and habitat generalists (those that occur more broadly across the region or habitat types). Food availability and use will be assessed relative to both time (phenology) and place (habitat). Life history, range, and behavioral characteristics of prey items will be used to compare the diets of the three bird groups. Measures of food use will also be compared to timing of breeding and regional long-term population trends from the Breeding Bird Survey to examine possible effects of food availability and use on demography.
虽然有很多证据表明,植物和动物正在改变它们生活的地方,以应对气候的变化,但目前还不清楚它们是如何做到这一点的,以及一个物种的变化是否会影响其他物种的变化。例如,鸟类可以很容易地从一个地区迁徙到另一个地区,但它们赖以生存的植物和昆虫就不能。该项目探讨了一种可能性,即鸟类可能会在一个新的地区找到合适的气候条件,但由于它们通常赖以生存的植物和昆虫无法迁徙到那里,因此不愿迁徙到那里。缅因州的研究人员将使用DNA在一种类型的森林停止和另一种类型的森林开始的广阔区域内测量鸟类的饮食。他们将测试两种可能的解释,以解释为什么一些鸟类正在扩张到以前没有出现过的一种森林类型,而另一些物种似乎停留在一个地方,正在经历衰退。第一种解释是,鸟类使用的食物类型对扩大的物种比对衰落的物种更容易获得。第二种解释是,在获得食物的时间和衰落的物种开始繁殖的时间之间存在不匹配的时间。研究人员将让本科生、公民科学家和公立学校的孩子参与到这个项目中来;每个人都将共同努力收集数据,发现鸟类、它们的食物和气候之间的联系。鸟类在北方落叶交错带中捕食的昆虫和蜘蛛将通过16S线粒体和细胞色素氧化酶I基因的代谢编码来识别。将对三组食虫森林鸟类进行抽样:“前沿”鸟类(从南部/落叶范围扩大的鸟类)、“落后边缘”鸟类(正在下降且通常出现在北方森林中的鸟类)和栖息地多面手(在整个区域或栖息地类型中出现的范围更广的鸟类)。食物的供应和使用将根据时间(物候)和地点(栖息地)进行评估。猎物的生活史、活动范围和行为特征将被用来比较这三个鸟类群体的饮食。食物使用的衡量标准还将与繁殖时间和繁殖鸟类调查的区域长期人口趋势进行比较,以研究食物供应和使用对人口统计学的可能影响。

项目成果

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