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Development of Temporal Visual Selective Attention in Deaf Children

聋哑儿童颞视觉选择性注意力的发展

基本信息

批准号：
1550988
负责人：
Matthew Dye
金额：
$ 44.99万
依托单位：
Rochester Institute of Tech
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-01 至 2020-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1550988&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Development Temporal Visual Selective Attention

项目摘要

The human brain is remarkably adept at integrating information from the different senses to create rich representations of the world. For example, understanding what a dog is can involve information not only about how the dog looks and acts, but also about how it sounds, feels, and even smells. Consequently, one sense, such as hearing, can exert an influence on processing in another, such as vision. There has been some suggestion from prior research that this is why deaf children often struggle to process some types of visual information. However, this may not be due to a direct effect of lack of hearing on vision. Deaf children often have delayed exposure to language, which may also influence how children's visual processing develops. The effects of language exposure and auditory deprivation can be disentangled by studying deaf children who are exposed to a natural visual language - American Sign Language. This project will provide information about how hearing and language influence vision during development, and will also provide information about how deaf children come to learn about the world around them.One hundred and fifty deaf children aged 6-13 years, who vary in both their hearing loss and their exposure to American Sign Language, will be followed longitudinally for 2-3 years. During the first wave of data collection, each child's audiological profile, ASL skills and language background, and nonverbal IQ will be assessed. At each of four waves of data collection, their ability to process sequential streams of visual information will be measured. Moderation analyses will be used to determine the effects of hearing loss and natural language exposure and skill on the development of this visual processing ability. In doing so, the researchers will be able to test competing hypotheses about the basis for visual sequence processing deficits in deaf children.

人类的大脑非常擅长整合来自不同感官的信息，从而创造出丰富的世界表象。例如，了解狗是什么不仅包括狗的样子和行为，还包括它的声音、感觉甚至气味。因此，一种感觉（如听觉）可以影响另一种感觉（如视觉）的处理过程。先前的研究表明，这就是为什么失聪儿童经常难以处理某些类型的视觉信息的原因。然而，这可能不是由于缺乏听力对视力的直接影响。失聪儿童接触语言的时间往往较晚，这也可能影响儿童视觉处理能力的发展。语言接触和听觉剥夺的影响可以通过研究接触自然视觉语言——美国手语的失聪儿童来解开。这个项目将提供有关听力和语言在发育过程中如何影响视力的信息，也将提供有关聋儿如何了解周围世界的信息。150名6-13岁的失聪儿童，他们的听力损失和接触美国手语的程度各不相同，将被纵向跟踪2-3年。在第一波数据收集中，每个孩子的听力学特征、美国手语技能和语言背景以及非语言智商将被评估。在四波数据收集的每一波中，他们处理连续视觉信息流的能力将被测量。适度分析将用于确定听力损失、自然语言接触和技能对这种视觉处理能力发展的影响。通过这样做，研究人员将能够测试关于失聪儿童视觉序列处理缺陷基础的相互竞争的假设。