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Physiological Mechanisms Mediating Ultrasonic Detection and Production in Amphibians

介导两栖动物超声检测和产生的生理机制

基本信息

批准号：
1555734
负责人：
Peter Narins
金额：
$ 72万
依托单位：
University of California-Los Angeles
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-15 至 2022-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1555734&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Physiological Mechanisms Mediating Ultrasonic Detection

项目摘要

This novel finding that some Asian frogs can communicate and are sensitive to ultrasound motivates the proposed studies to examine the similarities and differences in the high-frequency/ultrasonic communication systems of the Chinese and Bornean frogs to obtain new insights into the mechanisms underlying vertebrate high-frequency communication. With the discovery of three species of frogs that communicate with ultrasonic frequencies, the field is wide open for the exploration of the mechanisms underlying ultra-high frequency transduction in a tractable vertebrate model system. Modern electrophysiological techniques will be used to examine the middle ear (tympanic membrane) and inner ear characteristics of two of the three known ultrasonically communicating frogs, and laser Doppler vibrometry will pinpoint the mechanisms for ultrasound production in these animals. This work will likely provide important new insights into the electrical and mechanical processes that underlie high-frequency tuning properties of the vertebrate auditory periphery. The unexpected ultrasonic sensitivity in anuran amphibians illustrates the remarkable adaptability of the auditory system and the extent to which evolution can modify a sensory system to adapt to its environment. Moreover, interest in these species in China and Borneo has already begun to promote long-term conservation of the habitats of these extraordinary animals. The results of this project will provide essential information on amphibian auditory physiology which will be of broad interest to conservation biologists project and would be incorporated into public outreach lectures through the Los Angeles County Museum. The proposed experiments will test four clear hypotheses: 1: The middle and inner ears of the ultrasonic frogs exhibit adaptations for the detection of high frequencies. DPOAE measurements and laser Doppler vibrometry will be utilized to characterize in detail the auditory periphery of Odorrana- a Chinese frog which has been shown to produce and detect ultrasounds. 2: A quantitative test of the hypothesis that the DPOAE is present in the high-frequency mechanical input to the hair cell bundle in the amphibian papilla and the basilar papilla of the inner ear will be performed. A mechanical stimulus consisting of two tones of equal level will be introduced and the characteristics of resulting hair bundle motions will be investigated using a high-speed probe stimulation and imaging system. 3: The source of the ultrasonic sensitivity is the basilar papilla of the inner ear. This will be examined in two species of Asian frogs known to both produce and detect ultrasound, O. graminea and H. cavitympanum. Intracellular recordings made from ultra-high-frequency eighth nerve fibers in these frogs, followed by dye-filling and fiber tract tracing will enable the unambiguous mapping of the distal portions of these fibers to their origins in the inner ear. 4: Ultrasonic vocalization components of the frog's advertisement call are produced by the cranial portion of the medial vocal ligament (mlcr) in the larynx. The specific mechanisms used by the larynges of the frogs, O. graminea and H. cavitympanum, to produce high-frequency call elements will be investigated. The activated larynx preparation will be utilized which consists of forcing air through the larynx of euthanized males and measuring the resulting motion of at several points along the vocal folds, in addition to the mlcr, using a single-point laser Doppler vibrometer.

这一新的发现，一些亚洲青蛙可以沟通，并对超声波敏感，激励拟议的研究，以检查中国和婆罗洲青蛙的高频/超声波通信系统的相似性和差异，以获得新的见解脊椎动物高频通信的机制。随着三种蛙类与超声波频率交流的发现，在易处理的脊椎动物模型系统中探索超高频转导的机制的领域是广阔的。现代电生理学技术将被用来检查中耳（鼓膜）和内耳特征的三个已知的超声波通信的青蛙，激光多普勒测振仪将查明这些动物的超声波产生的机制。这项工作可能会提供重要的新见解的电气和机械过程的基础高频调谐特性的脊椎动物的听觉周边。无尾两栖动物出乎意料的超声波敏感性说明了听觉系统的显著适应性，以及进化可以改变感觉系统以适应其环境的程度。此外，中国和婆罗洲对这些物种的兴趣已经开始促进对这些非凡动物栖息地的长期保护。这个项目的结果将提供两栖动物听觉生理学的基本信息，这将是广泛的利益保护生物学家项目，并将通过洛杉矶县博物馆纳入公共宣传讲座。拟议的实验将测试四个明确的假设：1：超声波青蛙的中耳和内耳表现出适应高频率的检测。DPOAE测量和激光多普勒振动测量将用于详细描述臭蛙（一种中国青蛙，已被证明可以产生和检测超声波）的听觉外周。第二章：将进行DPOAE存在于对两栖动物乳头和内耳基底乳头中的毛细胞束的高频机械输入中的假设的定量检验。将引入由两个相同水平的音调组成的机械刺激，并使用高速探头刺激和成像系统研究由此产生的发束运动的特性。 3：超声敏感性的来源是内耳的基底乳头。这将在两种已知能产生和探测超声波的亚洲青蛙中进行研究。graminea和H.鼓室从这些青蛙的超高频第八神经纤维进行细胞内记录，然后进行染料填充和纤维束追踪，将使这些纤维的远端部分与它们在内耳的起源明确映射。第四章：青蛙广告叫声中的超声波发声成分是由喉内侧发声韧带（mlcr）的颅侧部分产生的。蛙喉的特殊机制，O。graminea和H. cavitympanum，以产生高频呼叫元素将被调查。将使用激活的喉准备，包括迫使空气通过安乐死雄性的喉，并使用单点激光多普勒振动计测量除mlcr外，沿着声带多个点的运动。