Finding Safe Drinking Water to Mitigate Arsenic Contamination: Tube Wells, Storage, and Diarrhea

寻找安全饮用水来减轻砷污染:管井、储存和腹泻

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1560970
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 42万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2016-05-15 至 2022-10-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

In an effort to reduce diarrheal disease incidence, public health efforts during the past 30 years have led to an almost universal shift from the consumption of surface water to groundwater from shallow aquifers (140 feet). The shift to shallow tube wells, however, has exposed tens of millions of people to arsenic, which causes cancer and other health problems. Groundwater arsenic is a major problem in several countries in the Americas and Asia. One mitigation approach has been for households to switch to deep public tube wells that are mostly 500 feet deep because they tap water in an aquifer that is low in arsenic. Although deep tube wells are being installed to reduce exposure to arsenic, the health effects of switching to these often more distant, wells has not been adequately investigated. A concern is that water obtained from a distant well may be stored for a longer period of time in the home, thereby increasing the risk of microbial contamination by extended handling and use. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of whether deep tube wells installed through arsenic mitigation programs are a safe drinking water source in countries groundwater arsenic problem. It also provides insights about the circumstances in which household drinking water storage containers are most likely to be contaminated with waterborne pathogens. Lastly, the study develops a rich database on water, sanitation, hygiene that will be made available and can be linked to another large survey on the health, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics of the same study population. This study integrates theory and methods from the disease ecology tradition of medical geography and environmental microbiology. It combines geographic and environmental microbiology methods with community surveys to provide information that is critical for developing drinking water policies and programs. The objectives of this study are to: (1) determine if deep tube wells protect against diarrheal diseases compared to shallow tube wells, (2) compare the microbial water quality of deep and shallow tube well sources and from household storage containers with water from those wells, and (3) determine if longer travel distance and time to deep tube wells leads to longer duration of water storage, poor water quality in storage containers, and higher diarrheal disease incidence. The study will be conducted in Bangladesh where groundwater arsenic is most severe. A household survey will determine water source, use, storage, hygiene, and sanitation practices. The microbial water quality of tube wells and household water storage containers will be measured for the presence and concentrations of E. coli as fecal indicator bacteria. Distance to tube wells will be measured using a geographic information system database that includes households and tube wells. The analysis will determine if distance/travel time/storage time is related to water quality in storage containers and diarrheal diseases.
为了减少腹泻病的发病率,过去 30 年的公共卫生努力几乎使人们从使用地表水转向使用浅层含水层(140 英尺)的地下水。然而,向浅管井的转变使数千万人暴露在砷的环境中,砷会导致癌症和其他健康问题。地下水砷是美洲和亚洲一些国家的一个主要问题。一种缓解方法是让家庭改用公共深管井,这些井大多深 500 英尺,因为他们使用砷含量低的含水层中的自来水。尽管正在安装深管井来减少砷暴露,但改用这些通常更远的井对健康的影响尚未得到充分研究。令人担忧的是,从远处井获得的水可能在家中储存较长时间,从而增加了因长期处理和使用而受到微生物污染的风险。这项研究对通过砷减排计划安装的深管井是否是存在地下水砷问题的国家的安全饮用水源进行了全面评估。它还提供了有关家庭饮用水储存容器最有可能被水传播病原体污染的情况的见解。最后,该研究开发了一个关于水、环境卫生、个人卫生的丰富数据库,该数据库将可供使用,并且可以与另一项关于同一研究人群的健康、人口和社会经济特征的大型调查联系起来。本研究整合了医学地理学和环境微生物学的疾病生态学传统的理论和方法。它将地理和环境微生物学方法与社区调查相结合,提供对制定饮用水政策和计划至关重要的信息。本研究的目的是:(1) 确定深管井与浅管井相比是否能预防腹泻病;(2) 将深管井和浅管井水源以及家用储存容器中的微生物水质与这些井中的水进行比较;(3) 确定深管井较长的行进距离和时间是否会导致储水持续时间较长、储存容器中的水质较差以及腹泻病发病率较高。该研究将在地下水砷含量最严重的孟加拉国进行。家庭调查将确定水源、使用、储存、卫生和卫生习惯。将测量管井和家庭储水容器的微生物水质,以了解作为粪便指示菌的大肠杆菌的存在和浓度。将使用包括家庭和管井的地理信息系统数据库来测量到管井的距离。分析将确定距离/旅行时间/存储时间是否与存储容器中的水质和腹泻疾病有关。

项目成果

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Michael Emch其他文献

WED-451-YI Characterizing hepatitis B virus infection in children and household contacts in the Democratic Republic of Congo to inform elimination efforts in a resource-limited setting
  • DOI:
    10.1016/s0168-8278(24)01919-6
  • 发表时间:
    2024-06-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Camille Morgan;Kimberly Powers;Jessie Edwards;Marcel Yotebieng;Michael Emch;Stane Biju;Upasana Devkota;Gavin Cloherty;Feng-Chang Lin;Jérémie Muwonga;Melchior Kashamuka;Antoinette Tshefu;Sylvia Becker-Drepps;Jonathan B. Parr;Peyton Thompson
  • 通讯作者:
    Peyton Thompson
Neighborhood size and local geographic variation of health and social determinants
  • DOI:
    10.1186/1476-072x-4-12
  • 发表时间:
    2005-06-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.200
  • 作者:
    Mohammad Ali;Jin-Kyung Park;Vu Dinh Thiem;Do Gia Canh;Michael Emch;John D Clemens
  • 通讯作者:
    John D Clemens
125 - Geospatial Analyses Identify a Clustering of Diffuse Gastric Cancers and Related Risk Exposures in Central America
  • DOI:
    10.1016/s0016-5085(17)30481-x
  • 发表时间:
    2017-04-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Charlotte Buehler Cherry;Veronica Escamilla;Ricardo L. Dominguez;Barbara G. Schneider;Margaret L. Gulley;Gloria Tavera;Scott Williams;Dawn Israel;M. Blanca Piazuelo;Keith T. Wilson;Richard M. Peek;Michael Emch;Douglas Morgan
  • 通讯作者:
    Douglas Morgan
Association between domesticated animal ownership and emPlasmodium falciparum/em parasite prevalence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a national cross-sectional study
刚果民主共和国家养动物所有权与恶性疟原虫寄生虫流行率之间的关联:一项全国横断面研究
  • DOI:
    10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00109-x
  • 发表时间:
    2023-07-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    20.400
  • 作者:
    Camille E Morgan;Hillary M Topazian;Katerina Brandt;Cedar Mitchell;Melchior Mwandagalirwa Kashamuka;Jérémie Muwonga;Eric Sompwe;Jonathan J Juliano;Thierry Bobanga;Antoinette Tshefu;Michael Emch;Jonathan B Parr
  • 通讯作者:
    Jonathan B Parr
Correction to: Individual and household characteristics of persons with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in sites with varying endemicities in Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • DOI:
    10.1186/s12936-018-2429-8
  • 发表时间:
    2018-08-08
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.000
  • 作者:
    Melchior Kashamuka Mwandagalirwa;Lauren Levitz;Kyaw L. Thwai;Jonathan B. Parr;Varun Goel;Mark Janko;Antoinette Tshefu;Michael Emch;Steven R. Meshnick;Margaret Carrel
  • 通讯作者:
    Margaret Carrel

Michael Emch的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Michael Emch', 18)}}的其他基金

Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Drug-Resistant Malaria
耐药疟疾的时空模式
  • 批准号:
    1339949
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 42万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Reserch: The Spatial Ecology of Chronic Kidney Disease in Nicaragua
博士论文研究:尼加拉瓜慢性肾脏病的空间生态学
  • 批准号:
    1130546
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 42万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Integration of Spatial and Social Network Analysis in Vaccine Trials
疫苗试验中空间和社交网络分析的整合
  • 批准号:
    0924479
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 42万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Socioeconomic and Environmental Determinants of Birth Defects in North Carolina
博士论文研究:北卡罗来纳州出生缺陷的社会经济和环境决定因素
  • 批准号:
    0825511
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 42万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
The Geography of Avian Influenza Evolution: Spatial and Temporal Relationships Between Virus Genes and Human-Environment Factors
禽流感进化的地理:病毒基因与人类环境因素之间的时空关系
  • 批准号:
    0717688
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 42万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Planning Visit: The Human Ecology of Land-Use Land-Cover Change in the Toledo District Belize- A Remote Sensing Approach
规划访问:伯利兹托莱多区土地利用土地覆盖变化的人类生态 - 遥感方法
  • 批准号:
    0349512
  • 财政年份:
    2004
  • 资助金额:
    $ 42万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Geographical Analysis in Vaccine Efficacy Trials: Spatial Confounders, Effect Modifiers, and Herd Immunity Measurement
疫苗功效试验中的地理分析:空间混杂因素、效应调节因素和群体免疫测量
  • 批准号:
    0323131
  • 财政年份:
    2003
  • 资助金额:
    $ 42万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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职业:结合材料科学和系统级分析,可持续供应安全饮用水
  • 批准号:
    2343590
  • 财政年份:
    2023
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    $ 42万
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